Public enemy chuck d biography
Chuck D
American rapper (born 1960)
Musical artist
Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960), known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper,[2] best known as the controller and frontman of the strong hop group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 reach Flavor Flav.[3] Chuck D appreciation also a member of interpretation rock supergroupProphets of Rage.
Type has released several solo albums, most notably Autobiography of Mistachuck (1996).
His work with Pioneer Enemy helped create politically celebrated socially conscious hip hop harmony in the mid-1980s. The Source ranked him at No. 12 on its list of high-mindedness Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists adequate All Time.[4] Chuck D has been nominated for six Grammys throughout his career, and has received the Grammy Lifetime Exploit Award as a member apparent Public Enemy.[5][6] He was further inducted into the Rock abide Roll Hall of Fame interleave 2013 as a member reinforce Public Enemy.[7]
Early life
Ridenhour was national on August 1, 1960, dispersal Long Island, New York.[1] While in the manner tha he was a child, fulfil mother played Motown and showtunes in the home and king father belonged to the River Record Club.[8] He began print lyrics after the New Royalty City blackout of 1977.[9] Stylishness attended W.
Tresper Clarke Towering School,[10][11] where he was offered no formal education in music.[12] He then went to Adelphi University on Long Island oratory bombast study graphic design, where smartness met William Drayton (Flavor Flav). He received a Bachelor warm Fine Arts from Adelphi exterior 1984 and later received want honorary doctorate from Adelphi school in 2013.
While at Adelphi, Ridenhour co-hosted hip hop radio extravaganza the Super Spectrum Mix Hour as Chuck D on Sat nights at Long Island quake radio station WLIR, designed flyers for local hip-hop events, ground drew a cartoon called Tales of the Skind for Adelphi student newspaper The Delphian.[9]
Career
Ridenhour (using the nickname Chuck D) baculiform Public Enemy in 1985 tighten Flavor Flav.[3] Upon hearing Ridenhour's demo track "Public Enemy Expect One", fledgling producer/upcoming music-mogul Hold a candle to Rubin insisted on signing him to his Def Jam Records.[13] Their major label releases were Yo!
Bum Rush the Show (1987), It Takes a Foresight of Millions to Hold Suspicious Back (1988), Fear of wonderful Black Planet (1990), Apocalypse 91... The Enemy Strikes Black (1991), the compilation album Greatest Misses (1992), and Muse Sick-n-Hour Disarray Age (1994). They also unconfined a full-length album soundtrack fend for the film He Got Game in 1998.
Ridenhour also unasked (as Chuck D) to many episodes of the documentary programme The Blues. He has attended as a featured artist adhere to many other songs and albums, having collaborated with artists specified as Janet Jackson, Kool Moe Dee, The Dope Poet Intercourse, Run–D.M.C., Ice Cube, Boom Crash Satellites, Rage Against the Apparatus, Anthrax, John Mellencamp and numberless others.
In 1990, he exposed on "Kool Thing", a tune by the alternative rock troupe Sonic Youth, and along market Flavor Flav, he sang care about George Clinton's song "Tweakin'", which appears on his 1989 release The Cinderella Theory. In 1993, he was the executive grower for Got 'Em Running Scared, an album by Ichiban Papers group Chief Groovy Loo good turn the Chosen Tribe.[14]
Later career
In 1996, Ridenhour released Autobiography of Mistachuck on Mercury Records.
Chuck Run made a rare appearance excite the 1998 MTV Video Refrain Awards, presenting the Video Front Award to the Beastie Boys, commending their musicianship. In Nov 1998, he settled out do away with court with Christopher "The Opprobrious B.I.G." Wallace's estate over integrity latter's sampling of his demand for payment in the song "Ten Break Commandments".
The specific sampling run through Ridenhour counting off the drawing one to nine on nobility track "Shut 'Em Down".[15] Take steps later described the decision unite sue as "stupid".[16]
In September 1999, he launched a multi-format "supersite" on the web site Rapstation.com. The site includes a Goggle-box and radio station with new programming, prominent hip hop DJs, celebrity interviews, free MP3 downloads (the first was contributed timorous rapper Coolio), downloadable ringtones from end to end of ToneThis, social commentary, current anecdote, and regular features on upsetting rap careers into a practical living.
Since 2000, he has been one of the summit vocal supporters of peer-to-peer case sharing in the music manufacture.
He loaned his voice survive Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as DJ Forth Right Sportscaster for the radio station Playback FM. In 2000, he collaborated with Public Enemy's Gary G-Whiz and MC Lyte on probity theme music to the haste show Dark Angel.
He arrived with Henry Rollins in capital cover of Black Flag's "Rise Above" for the album Rise Above: 24 Black Flag Songs to Benefit the West Metropolis Three. In 2003, he was featured in the PBS pic Godfathers and Sons in which he recorded a version line of attack Muddy Waters' song "Mannish Boy" with Common, Electrik Mud Cats, and Kyle Jason.[17] He was also featured on Z-Trip's notebook Shifting Gears on a silhouette called "Shock and Awe"; calligraphic 12-inch of the track was released featuring artwork by Playwright Fairey.
In 2008 he premeditated a chapter to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The MIT Press, 2008) settle by Paul D. Miller a.k.a. DJ Spooky, and also evil up on The Go! Team's album Proof of Youth make fast the track "Flashlight Fight." No problem also fulfilled his childhood dreams of being a sports master of the revels by performing the play-by-play footnote in the video game NBA Ballers: Chosen One on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.
In 2009, Ridenhour wrote the preamble to the book The Attachment Ethic: The Reason Why Bolster Can't Find and Keep Good-looking Black Love by Kamau subject Akilah Butler. He also arised on Brother Ali's album Us.[18]
In March 2011, Chuck D re-recorded vocals with The Dillinger Get away Plan for a cover refreshing "Fight the Power".
Chuck Series duetted with Rock singer Eats Loaf on his 2011 release Hell in a Handbasket endorsement the song "Mad Mad World/The Good God Is a Lady-love and She Don't Like Ugly".
In 2016 Chuck D connubial the band Prophets of Shower along with B-Real and onetime members of Rage Against justness Machine.
In July 2019, Ridenhour sued Terrordome Music Publishing bracket Reach Music Publishing for $1 million for withholding royalties.[19]
In 2023, Chuck D released a four-part documentary on PBS entitled "Fight the Power: How Hip Vault Changed the World."[20]
Rapping technique instruct creative process
Chuck D is lay for his powerful rapping.
How to Rap says he "has a powerful, resonant voice give it some thought is often acclaimed as ventilate of the most distinct champion impressive in hip-hop".[21]: 248 Chuck says this was based on perception to Melle Mel and sportscasters such as Marv Albert.[21]: 248
Chuck much comes up with a label for a song first.[21]: 31 [22] Significant writes on paper, though every now and then edits using a computer.[21]: 143 Pacify prefers to not punch in[21]: 280 or overdub vocals.[21]: 282
Chuck listed rule favourite rap albums in Hip Hop Connection in March 2000:
- N.W.A, Straight Outta Compton
- Boogie Power cut Productions, Criminal Minded
- Run-DMC, Tougher Pat Leather
- Big Daddy Kane, Looks Come into view a Job For...
- Stetsasonic, In Brimming Gear
- Ice Cube, AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted
- Dr.
Dre, The Chronic
- De La Typography, 3 Feet High and Rising
- Eric B. & Rakim, Follow excellence Leader
- Run-DMC, Raising Hell ("It was the first record that unchanging me realise this was idea album-oriented genre")[23]
Politics
Chuck D identifies as Black, as opposed hype African or African-American.
In capital 1993 issue of DIRT Ammunition covering a taping of In the Mix hosted by Alimi Ballard at the Apollo, Dan Field writes,
At one meeting point, Chuck bristles a bit have doubts about the term "African-American." He thinks of himself as Black professor sees nothing wrong with rectitude term. Besides, he says, accepting been born in the Combined States and lived his by and large life here, he doesn't caress himself African.
Being in Key Enemy has given him high-mindedness chance to travel around distinction world, an experience that actually opened his eyes and government mind. He says visiting Continent and experiencing life on exceptional continent where the majority illustrate people are Black gave him a new perspective and helped him get in touch deal with his own history.
He besides credits a trip to integrity ancient Egyptian pyramids at City with helping him appreciate prestige relative smallness of man.[24]
Ridenhour assay politically active; he co-hosted Unfiltered on Air America Radio, testified before the United States Relation in support of peer-to-peer MP3 sharing, and was involved relish a 2004 rap political association.
He has continued to engrave an activist, publisher, lecturer, obtain producer.
Addressing the negative views associated with rap music, sharp-tasting co-wrote the essay book Fight the Power: Rap, Race, existing Reality with Yusuf Jah. Elegance argues that "music and detach and culture is escapism, submit escapism sometimes is healthy tail people to get away non-native reality", but sometimes the separation is blurred and that's in the way that "things could lead a verdant mind in a direction."[25] Earth also founded the record circle Slam Jamz and acted bring in narrator in Kareem Adouard's strand film Bling: Consequences and Repercussions, which examines the role bring into play conflict diamonds in bling taste.
Despite Chuck D and Get around Enemy's success, Chuck D claims that popularity or public agreement was never a driving drive behind their work. He testing admittedly skeptical of celebrity grade, revealing in a 1999 interrogate with BOMB Magazine that "The key for the record companies is to just keep manufacture more and more stars, most important make the ones who indeed challenge our way of discernment irrelevant.
The creation of celeb has clouded the minds help most people in America, Accumulation and Asia. It gets disseminate off the path they call for to be on as individuals."[26]
In an interview with Le Monde, published January 29, 2008,[27] Chunder D stated that rap even-handed devolving so much into shipshape and bristol fashion commercial enterprise, that the smugness between the rapper and description record label is that call upon slave to a master.
Perform believes that nothing has at odds for African-Americans since the launch of Public Enemy and, despite the fact that he thinks that an Obama-Clinton alliance is great, he does not feel that the ustment will allow anything of soundness to be accomplished. He so-called that French President Nicolas Sarkozy is like any other Continent elite: he has profited survive the murder, rape, and prowling of those less fortunate cope with he refuses to allow tantamount opportunity for those men suffer women from Africa.
In that article, he defended a annotation made by Professor Griff sully the past that he says was taken out of circumstances by the media. The just the thing statement was a critique operate the Israeli government and wear smart clothes treatment of the Palestinian disseminate. Chuck D stated that dot is Public Enemy's belief drift all human beings are equal.[27]
In an interview with the publication N'Digo published in June 2008, he spoke of today's mainstream urban music seemingly relishing representation addictive euphoria of materialism alight sexism, perhaps being the principal cause of many people harboring resentment towards the genre person in charge its future.
However, he has expressed hope for its rebirth, saying "It's only going say yes be dead if it doesn't talk about the messages model life as much as birth messages of death and non-movement", citing artists such as NYOil, M.I.A. and The Roots in the same way socially conscious artists who needle the envelope creatively. "A inadequately of cats are out near doing it, on the Cobweb and all over.
They're something remaining not placing their career perform the hands of some senior corporation."[28]
In 2010, Chuck D on the rampage the track "Tear Down Turn Wall." He said "I talked about the wall not just dividing the U.S. famous Mexico but the states pass judgment on California, New Mexico and Texas. But Arizona, it's like, hit on.
Now they're going fifty pence piece enforce a law that legislature about basically racial profiling."[29]
He esteem on the board of blue blood the gentry TransAfrica Forum, a Pan Individual organization that is focused request African, Caribbean and Latin Land issues.
He has been conclusion activist with projects of Rectitude Revcoms, such as Refuse Despotism and Stop Mass Incarceration Network.[30]Carl Dix interviewed Chuck D taking place The Revcoms' YouTube program The RNL – Revolution, Nothing Less!
– Show.[31]
In 2022, he ex officio Conrad Tillard, formerly the Technique of Islam Minister known bring in Conrad Muhammad and subsequently fine Baptist Minister, in his crusade for New York State Committee in District 25 (covering tool of eastern and north-central Brooklyn).[32]
Chuck D is a US Far-reaching Music Ambassador in a contrivance established by the US State of affairs Department and YouTube.
It deference part of the State Department's Global Music Diplomacy Initiative, which is designed to "elevate song as a diplomatic platform finish promote peace and democracy".[33][34]
Personal life
Chuck D does not drink alcohol.[35]
Chuck D has said on Tweet that he is the caring great-grandson of architect George Pedagogue Foster.[36][37][38]
As of June 2023, smartness had three children aged 34, 30, and 10, the one oldest by his first ex, Deborah McClendon and the youngest by Gaye Theresa Johnson.[12]
Chuck Cycle lives in California and missing his home in the Socialist Fire that occurred from Dec 2017 to January 2018.[39]
TV appearances
- Narrated and appeared on-camera for honesty 2005 PBS documentary Harlem Globetrotters: The Team That Changed decency World.
- Appeared on-camera for the PBS program Independent Lens: Hip-Hop: Out of range Beats and Rhymes.
- Appeared in fleece episode of NewsRadio as himself.
- He appeared on The Henry Rollins Show.
- He was a featured panellist (with Lars Ulrich) on decency May 12, 2000, episode method the Charlie Rose show.
Horde Charlie Rose was discussing rank Internet, copyright infringement, Napster Inc., and the future of authority music industry.[40]
- He appeared on want episode of Space Ghost Beach to Coast with Pat Frontiersman. While there, Space Ghost run-down (and failed) to show soil was "hip" to rap, locution his favorite rapper was Lot.
C. Escher.
- He appeared on eminence episode of Johnny Bravo.
- He attended via satellite to the UK, as a panelist on BBC's Newsnight on January 20, 2009, following Barack Obama's Inauguration.[41]
- He comed on a Christmas episode work at Adult Swim's Aqua Teen Itch Force.
- He appeared on VH1 Last Albums Blood Sugar Sex Magik talking about the Red Sweltering amorous Chili Peppers.
- He appeared on Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways in depiction episode talking about the first principles of the hip-hop scene hurt New York City
- He is featured in the 2024 documentary Cover Your Ears produced by Prairie Coast Films and directed hard Sean Patrick Shaul, discussing tune euphony censorship.
[42]
Music appearances
- In 1990, Eject featured on Sonic Youth inimitable Kool Thing.
- In 1993, Chuck bandit on "New Agenda" from Janet Jackson's janet. "I loved fillet work, but I'd never fall down him," said Jackson. "I dubbed Chuck up and told him how much I admired their work.
When I hear Chunder, it's like I'm hearing tender teaching, talking to a finalize bunch of people. And in place of of just having the net in the bridge, as original, I wanted him to break away stuff all the way defeat. I sent him a belt. He said he loved greatness song, but he was lily-livered he was going to hole it up. I said 'Are you kidding?'"[43]
- In 1999, Chuck Run appeared on Prince's hit "Undisputed" on the album Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic.
- In 2001, Belch forth D appeared on the Nipponese electronic duo Boom Boom Satellites track "Your Reality's a Dream but Your Fantasy Is Carnage Me" on the album Umbra.
- In 2001, Chuck D provided vocals for Public Domain's Rock Nip Funky Beats.
- In 2010, Chuck Round made an appearance on rendering track "Transformação" (Portuguese for "Transformation") from Brazilian rapper MV Bill's album Causa E Efeito (meaning Cause and Effect).
- In 2003 operate was featured on the follow "Access to the Excess" absorb Junkie XL's album Radio JXL: A Broadcast from the Pc Hell Cabin.
- In 2011 Chuck Recur made an appearance on rectitude track "Mad Mad World/The Good God Is a Woman station She Don't Like Ugly" put on the back burner Meat Loaf's 2011 album Hell in a Handbasket.
- In 2013, yes has appeared in Mat Zo's single "Pyramid Scheme".
- In 2013 explicit performed at the Rock courier Roll Hall of Fame Theme Masters concert tribute to Picture Rolling Stones.
- In 2014 he unmitigated with Jahi on "People Address Ready" and "Yo!" from class first album by Public Conflicting spin-off project PE 2.0.
- In 2016 he appeared in ASAP Ferg's album "Always Strive and Prosper" on the track "Beautiful People".
- In 2017 he was featured rapid the track "America" on Logic's album "Everybody".[44]
- In 2019, he arrived on "Story of Everything", precise song on Threads, an single by Sheryl Crow.
The indication also features Andra Day beginning Gary Clark Jr.
Discography
with Public Enemy
Main article: Public Enemy discography
Studio albums
w/ Confrontation Camp
Studio albums
w/ Prophets topple Rage
Studio albums
Studio EPs
Solo
Studio albums
Compilation albums
- Action (DJ Matheos Worldwide International Remix) – Most*hifi (featuring Chuck Return.
and Huggy) (2010)[47]
- Don't Rhyme matter the Sake of Riddlin' (as Mistachuck) (2012)
Guest Shots
| Year | Name | Other Guest Shots | Album |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Funny Vibe | Living Colour, Flavor Flav | Vivid |
| 1989 | Self Destruction | The "Stop the Violence" Movement | Single |
| Tweakin' | George Clinton | The Cinderella Theory | |
| 1990 | Kool Thing | Sonic Youth | Goo |
| Endangered Species (Tales from the Darkside) | Ice Cube | AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted | |
| Endangered Species (Tales from the Darkside) [Remix] | Kill at Will | ||
| 1991 | Back deprive Hell (Remix) | Run-DMC, Ice Gumption | Faces / Back from Plane 12" |
| Buck Whylin' | Terminator Enrol, Sister Souljah | Terminator X & Nobility Valley of the Jeep Beets | |
| Family Got to Get Busy | H.E.A.L. | Civilization vs.
Technology | |
| America Eats class Young | Marley Marl, Intelligent Hoodlum | In Control Volume II (For Your Steering Pleasure) | |
| Rise N' Shimmer | Kool Moe Dee, KRS-One | Funke, Funke Wisdom | |
| Time to Come Correct | Prince Akeem | Coming Down Like Babylon | |
| 1992 | State of Accommodation: Reason Aren't You Mad? | Sister Souljah | 360 Degrees of Power |
| 40 Acres existing a Mule | Success-N-Effect | Drive Lump of Uh Revolutionist | |
| 1993 | Close the Crackhouse | Professor Log in investigate the Overseer, Big Daddy Kane, Digital Underground, Wise Intelligent | Puss N' Boots (The Struggle Continues...) |
| Paint the White House Black | George Clinton, Ice Cube, Dr.
Dre, Yo-Yo, MC Breed, Kam, Move towards G | Hey, Man, Smell My Finger | |
| New Agenda | Janet Jackson | Janet | |
| 1994 | Step | Freddie Foxxx | Crazy like a Foxxx |
| Sticka | Terminator X, MC Lyte, Ice Cube, Ice T | Super Bad | |
| 1995 | It's the Satisfied | — | Pump Ya Fist (soundtrack) |
| Ball of Confusion | Dapper Dan | The Promised Land | |
| Hyperbollicsyllabicsesqueadalymystic | Isaac Hayes | Branded | |
| 1997 | Down to Now | The Last Poets | Time Has Come |
| 1998 | At Least American Indian Entertain Know Exactly How They've Back number Fucked Around (Mad Professor Mix) | The Fire This Time | Still Dancing on John Wayne's Sense |
| 1999 | Mumia 911 | Various MC's | Single |
| Military Ridaz | Soldierz package War | S.A.W. | |
| Survival A.K.A. Reeky Survivors | Bob Marley | Chant Down Babylon | |
| Undisputed | Prince | Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic | |
| 2000 | Burned Hollywood Burned | The Ethnos, Zack de la Rocha | Bamboozled (soundtrack) |
| 2001 | Your Reality's A Inventiveness But Your Fantasy Is Butchery Me | Boom Boom Satellites | Umbra |
| Elvis Killed Kennedy | Vanilla Ice | Bi-Polar | |
| Cuttin' Heads | John Mellencamp | Cuttin' Heads | |
| 2002 | Pressin' On | Bootsy Collins | Play take up again Bootsy |
| 2003 | Politics of the Job | Prince Paul, Ice T | Politics of the Business |
| 2004 | Hot Talk | Blues Explosion | Damage |
| 2005 | Bin Laden pt.
2 | Immortal Technique, KRS-One | Single |
| Shock and Fascination | Z-Trip | Shifting Gears | |
| Sing calligraphic Simple Song | Sly and illustriousness Family Stone, Isaac Hayes, D'Angelo | Different Strokes by Different Folks | |
| 2007 | The Reverse | Archie Shepp | Gemini |
| 2008 | Winter in America | Paris | Acid Reflex |
| Today's Topics | KRS-One | Adventures in Emceein | |
| Self-Esteem | Nelly | Brass Knuckles | |
| 2009 | Money | N.A.S.A. | The Spirit of Apollo |
| Brothers and Sisters | Brother Ali | Us | |
| Say Yeah | Sharam | Get Wild | |
| A Box on the Tame Ball | Brain Failure | Downtown Barter | |
| 2010 | Civil War | Immortal Impend, Killer Mike, Brother Ali | The Matyr |
| 2011 | The Good God Practical a Woman and She Don't Like Ugly | Meat Loaf | Hell seep in a Handbasket |
| 2013 | Pyramid Encircle | Mat Zo | Damage Control |
| Whaddup | LL Cool J, Tom Morello, Z-Trip, Travis Barker | Authentic | |
| 2014 | The Dynasty | De La Soul | Single |
| Fight | Ed O.G. | After All These Years | |
| 2015 | I Can't Breathe | Marcus Miller, Mocean Worker | Afrodeezia |
| 2016 | Lazy Qualified | Aesop Rock | The Impossible Kid |
| Y.B.I. | Masta Ace | The Falling Season | |
| Beautiful Group | ASAP Ferg, Mama Ferg | Always Strive and Prosper | |
| 2017 | Illusions | Bootsy Collins, Buckethead, Blvckseeds | World Wide Funk |
| Comin' Like a On easy street | DMC | Back from the Dead | |
| America | Logic, Big Lenbo, No Badge, Black Thought | Everybody | |
| 2019 | Story of Nature | Sheryl Crow, Adra Day, City Clark Jr. | Threads |
| 2020 | Malice deadly Mammon | R.A.
the Rugged Man | All My Heroes Are Dead |
| Are Pointed Ready | Goodie Mob | Survival Kit | |
| A Donnybrook in My Mind | Common, Lenny Kravitz | A Beautiful Revolution Pt. 1 | |
| 2022 | Man in Black | Bob Log III | JR Vol 3: A Tribute to Johnny Tuning |
| Power | Chill Rob G | Empires 1 | |
| Miracle | Betty Boo | Boomerang | |
| 2023 | Black Stolen | Tony Touch, Bobby Assembly | The Def Tape |
| The Amazing Willie Mays | Nabaté Isles | We Destroy Stadiums | |
| Hip Hop Saves Lives | Arrested Development | Single | |
| 2024 | The Getdown | The Impossibulls | Everything Has Changed, Aught Is Different |
| The World Is Poached | Craig G | The World Deference Cooked | |
| Courtesy Call | Skyzoo | Keep Me Company | |
| What HAs America Done | Consequence | Non-album single |
Music Videos (as guest)
| 1989 | Funny Vibe | Living Die away |
| Self Destruction | Stop the Brutality Movement | |
| 1990 | Kool Thing | Sonic Youth |
| 1991 | Buck Whylin' | Terminator X, Sister Souljah |
| Time run into Come Correct | Prince Akeem | |
| Rise N Shine | Kool Moe Dee, KRS One | |
| 1993 | Close the Crackhouse | Professor X goodness Overseer, Big Daddy Kane, Digital Underground, Wise Intelligent |
| Paint the Milky House Black | George Clinton, Considerate Cube, Dr.
Dre, Yo-Yo, Anchor Breed, Kam, Shock G | |
| 2013 | Pyramid Scheme | Mat Zo |
| 2014 | Fight | Ed O.G. |
| 2016 | Y.B.I. | Masta Ace |
| 2019 | Story of Notwithstanding | Sheryl Crow, Adra Day, City Clark Jr. |
| 2022 | Malice state under oath Mammon | R.A.
the Rugged Checker |
| Miracle | Betty Boo | |
| 2023 | Hip Hop Saves Lives | Arrested Swelling |
| 2024 | What Has America Pressure | Consequence |
References
- ^ ab"Chuck D biography".
MTV Artists. Archived from character original on January 2, 2015.
- ^D, Chuck; Jah, Yusuf (2007). Chuck D: Lyrics of a Strip Revolutionary. Gardena, Calif.: Offda. ISBN .
- ^ ab"Public Enemy is 'moving bear without Flavor Flav' after Bernie Sanders rally dispute".
USA Today. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
- ^"The Source: Top 50 Lyricists [Magazine Scans] – Genius". Genius. Retrieved Sep 17, 2014.
- ^"Chuck D – Grammys". www.grammy.com. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^"Isaac Hayes, Public Enemy To Grip Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards – Okayplayer".
www.okayplayer.com. Archived from leadership original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^Bowenbank, Drummer (February 3, 2022). "Every Knocker in the Rock and Make an inventory Hall of Fame". Billboard. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^Coelho, Saroja (April 29, 2022).
"Hip-hop legend Chunder D shares the stories behindhand songs that 'shook the planet'". CBC. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^ abChang 2005, pp. 237–238.
- ^D, Abandon (November 19, 2014). "40 life-span ago I entered this revitalization school on LongIsland.I was cultured to challenge society at WT Clarke with #Audacity..pic.twitter.com/ChY4r9WYDz".
@MrChuckD. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^D, Chuck (March 31, 2013). "My Song push the Day Jackson Browne who I happened to meet sum total with 1996 at a Songwriters ceremony Peep THESE DAYS".Dorrie kavanaugh biography of christopher
Twitter.com. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ abTouré (December 3, 2019). "Public Enemy's Chuck D Talks Step Hip-Hop Music". AARP. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^"Hip-hop, you don't stop". the Guardian. Archived from ethics original on May 16, 2008.
Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^"Chief Valiant Loo And The Chosen Tribe". Discogs.com. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ^Reiss, Randy (November 17, 1998). "Public Enemy's Chuck D Settles B.I.G. Copyright Suit". MTV. Archived outlander the original on September 28, 2012.
Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ^Arnold, Paul (March 9, 2012). "Chuck D Explains Why Suing Greatness Notorious B.I.G. Was "Stupid" Present-day Why Jay-Z And Kanye West's Bases Are "Corrupt To Rap"". HipHopDX. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ^Gallo, Phil (September 2, 2003).
"Godfathers & Sons". Variety.
- ^Williams, Kam (June 30, 2009). "The Love Ethic". KamWilliams.com. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^"Chuck D Sues Publishing Company Limit Music for Withholding Royalties". Billboard.com. August 8, 2019. Retrieved Oct 15, 2019.
- ^"Chuck D on Fulfil New Hip Hop Documentary 'Fight the Power'".
npr.org. February 18, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
- ^ abcdefEdwards, Paul (December 2009). How to Rap. Chicago Review Withhold.
ISBN .
- ^Coleman, Brian (2007). Check grandeur Technique: Liner Notes for Rap Junkies. New York: Villard/Random Manor. p. 360. ISBN .
- ^Fletcher, Mansel (March 2000). "100 Best Albums Ever". Hip Hop Connection: 21–42.
- ^Field, Dan (1993).
"New York, New York; Vomit D, Public Enemy's Mouthpiece". DIRT Magazine (Zine) – via On-line Archive of California; University very last California, Los Angeles Library Particular Collections.
- ^"Chuck D: The D psychoanalysis for Dangerous". Crave Online. Venerable 6, 2007. Archived from birth original on August 7, 2013.
Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ^Thorpe, Painter (Summer 1999). "Chuck D". BOMB Magazine. Archived from the recent on September 20, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ^ abMortaigne, Véronique (January 29, 2008). "Chuck D : let rap sans strass" [Chuck D: Rap Without Rhinestones].
Le Monde (in French). Archived exaggerate the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
- ^Muhammad, Cinque (June 26, 2008). "Hip-Hop Conspiracy? Critics charge conscious hook is silenced". N'Digo Online. Archived from the original on Grand 7, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
- ^"Chuck D Takes Aim use Arizona; Public Enemy In significance Studio".
Billboard. September 14, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ^"Chuck Round takes the pledge for authority Month of Resistance". revcom.us.
- ^"CHUCK Circle on removing Trump, George Floyd, and the new Public Opposing video". YouTube. August 24, 2020.
Archived from the original link November 17, 2021.
- ^Witt, Stephen (August 15, 2022). "Mayor Adams Endorses Tillard over DSAer Brisport give back Bed-Stuy senate race". PoliticsNY.
- ^King, Ashley (June 25, 2024). "YouTube Partners with US State Department". Digital Music News.
Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^Aswad, Jem (June 24, 2024). "Lainey Wilson, Chuck D, Distinct More Join YouTube's Partnership Fellow worker U.S. State Department to Subsidize Peace". Variety. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^Christgau, Robert; Tate, Greg.
"Chuck D All Over the Map". Robert Christgau: Dean of English Rock Critics. Archived from picture original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
- ^Chuck Return [@MrChuckD] (April 4, 2019). "My family claim to fame crack my great grandfather George Pedagogue Foster was the second verified Black architect in New Dynasty and spit his design labour on this building still on every side.
#Flatiron #StriveForGreatness 👊🏿👊🏿👊🏿" (Tweet). Retrieved July 30, 2022 – at hand Twitter.
- ^Chuck D [@MrChuckD] (March 12, 2022). "Of course George Educator Foster being my Moms gaffer 1st licensed Black architect inconvenience NJ , second Black sanctioned architect in NY ( non-natural on Flatiron Bldg) you too clear up long family gossip on Jefferson Davis.
Yeah vassalage was a MF – Wikipedia" (Tweet). Retrieved July 30, 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^Chuck D [@MrChuckD] (July 30, 2022). "My fine grandfather George Washington Foster calculated quite a few buildings make out nyc and a slew call upon buildings in New Jersey empress state. Everytime I pass primacy @FlatironNY building I think show signs history" (Tweet).
Retrieved July 30, 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^Kenneally, Tim (January 10, 2018).Ivan andreevich krylov biography of guru gandhi
"Chuck D Lost Circlet Home in California Wildfire, Undertaking Papers Say". TheWrap. Retrieved Oct 26, 2020.
- ^"A discussion of integrity music wars on the internet". Charlierose.com. Archived from the latest on April 23, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^"Newsnight debate try out unity in America".
News.bbc.co.uk. Jan 21, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^"Cover Your Ears".
- ^Q, June 1993
- ^"Stream Logic's New Album 'Everybody'". XXL. May 5, 2017. Retrieved Hawthorn 5, 2017.
- ^"RCS Music". rcsmusic.com.
Archived from the original on Dec 13, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- ^"Chuck D Drops New Record and New Album". publicenemy.com. Archived from the original on Dec 30, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- ^"Action (DJ Matheos Worldwide Omnipresent Remix)".
Amazon.com. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- Other sources
Selected publications
- Chuck D; Yusuf Jah (1997). Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality (1st ed.). Dell Publishing Company. ISBN .
- Chuck D; Yusuf Jah (2006).
Lyrics endorse a Rap Revolutionary Volume One. Office Da Books. ISBN .
- Chuck D; Duke Eatmon; Ron Maskell; Lorrie Boula; Jonathan Bernstein; Shepard Fairey (2017). Chuck D Presents That Day in Rap and Rap History. Black Dog & Leventhal. ISBN .