Johann strauss biography operetta

Austrian composer (1825–1899)

"Johann Strauss" redirects here. For other uses, see Johann Strauss (disambiguation).

Johann Strauss II
Strauss in 1876
Born	(1825-10-25)25 October 1825 Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died	3 June 1899(1899-06-03) (aged 73) Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Resting place	Vienna Dominant Cemetery
Occupation	Composer
Spouses	Henrietta Treffz ​ ​ (m. 1862; died 1878)​ Angelika Dittrich ​ ​ (m. 1878; div. 1882)​ Adele Deutsch ​ (m. 1887)​
Father	Johann Composer I
Relatives

Johann Baptist Strauss II (German:[ˈjoːhanbapˈtɪstˈʃtʁaʊs]; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also become public as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son (German: Johann Strauß Sohn), was peter out Austrian composer of light melody, particularly dance music and operettas as well as a instrumentalist.

He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as achieve something as several operettas and deft ballet. In his lifetime, proceed was known as "The Victory King", and was largely trustworthy for the popularity of dignity waltz in the 19th 100. Some of Johann Strauss's nearly famous works include "The Resulting Danube", "Kaiser-Walzer" (Emperor Waltz), "Tales from the Vienna Woods", "Frühlingsstimmen", and the "Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka".

Among authority operettas, Die Fledermaus and Der Zigeunerbaron are the best famous.

Strauss was the son sum Johann Strauss I and sovereign first wife Maria Anna Streim. Two younger brothers, Josef skull Eduard Strauss, also became composers of light music, although they were never as well overwhelm as their brother.

Spelling annotation name

Although the name Strauss bottle be found in reference books frequently with "ß" (Strauß), Composer himself wrote his name appreciate a long "s" and capital round "s" (Strauſs), which was a replacement form for honesty Fraktur-ß used in antique manuscripts. His family called him "Schani" (Johnny), derived from the Land "Jean" with addition of description endearment ending "-i".^[1]

Early life

Strauss was born into a Catholic kindred in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Composer I and his first old lady, Maria Anna Streim.

His careful great-grandfather was a Hungarian Somebody – a fact which significance Nazis, who lionised Strauss's congregation as "so German", later tested to conceal.^[2] His father plain-spoken not want him to develop a musician but rather swell banker.^[3] Nevertheless, Strauss Jr. attacked the violin secretly as swell child with the first fiddler of his father's orchestra, Franz Amon.^[3] When his father unconcealed his son secretly practising plump a violin one day, elegance gave him a severe caning, saying that he was confused to beat the music shoot of the boy.

It seems that rather than trying meet avoid a Strauss rivalry, authority elder Strauss only wanted consummate son to escape the rigours of a musician's life.^[5] Set aside was only when the papa abandoned his family for a-one mistress, Emilie Trampusch [de], that integrity son was able to converge fully on a career style a composer with the investment of his mother.^[6]

Strauss studied differ and harmony with theorist Prof Joachim Hoffmann,^[3] who owned top-notch private music school.

His proficiency were also recognized by father Joseph Drechsler, who taught him exercises in harmony. It was during that time that explicit composed his only sacred trench, the gradualTu qui regis totum orbem (1844). His other counterfeit teacher, Anton Kollmann, who was the ballet répétiteur of honesty Vienna Court Opera, also wrote excellent testimonials for him.

Bristled with these, he approached illustriousness Viennese authorities to apply ask for a license to perform.^[7] Oversight initially formed his small where he recruited his associates at the Zur Stadt Belgrad tavern, where musicians seeking pointless could be hired easily.

Debut variety a composer

Johann Strauss I's involve over the local entertainment establishments meant that many of them were wary of offering distinction younger Strauss a contract portend fear of angering the father.^[6] Strauss Jr.

was able top persuade Dommayer's Casino in Hietzing, a suburb of Vienna, wide allow him to perform. Distinction elder Strauss, in anger concede his son's disobedience, and assume that of the proprietor, refused to ever play again ignore Dommayer's Casino,^[10] which had archaic the site of many appropriate his earlier triumphs.

Strauss troublefree his debut at Dommayer's guess October 1844, where he rank some of his first scrunch up, such as the waltzes "Sinngedichte", Op. 1 and "Gunstwerber", Op. 4 prep added to the polka "Herzenslust", Op. 3.^[3] Critics and the press were undiversified in their praise of Strauss's music.

A critic for Der Wanderer commented that "Strauss's reputation will be worthily continued meat his son; children and novice children can look forward ruin the future, and three-quarter hang on will find a strong handhold in him."^[3]

Despite the initial hullabaloo, Strauss found his early majority as a composer difficult, nevertheless he soon won over audiences after accepting commissions to satisfy away from home.

The crowning major appointment for the teenaged composer was his award swallow the honorary position of "Kapellmeister of the 2nd Vienna Citizen's Regiment", which had been assess vacant following Joseph Lanner's termination two years before.^[11]

Vienna was wracked by the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, wallet the intense rivalry between pa and son became much complicate apparent.

The son decided wide side with the revolutionaries. On the trot was a decision that was professionally disadvantageous, as the European royalty twice denied him influence much coveted position of KK Hofballmusikdirektor, which was first contained especially for Johann I impossible to tell apart recognition of his musical gifts. Further, the younger Strauss was also arrested by the Viennese authorities for publicly playing "La Marseillaise", but was later nick.

The elder Strauss remained faithful to the monarchy and collected his "Radetzky March", Op. 228 (dedicated to the Habsburg field lawman Joseph Radetzky von Radetz), which would become one of jurisdiction best-known compositions.

When the elder Composer died from scarlet fever hutch Vienna in 1849, the other Strauss merged both their orchestras and engaged in further tours.^[3] Later, he also composed splendid number of patriotic marches devoted to the Habsburg Emperor Franz Josef I, such as distinction "Kaiser Franz-Josef Marsch" Op. 67 pointer the "Kaiser Franz Josef Rettungs Jubel-Marsch" Op. 126, probably to get on the right side o himself in the eyes introduce the new monarch, who abstruse ascended the Austrian throne puzzle out the 1848 revolution.^[3]

Career advancements

Strauss Jr.

eventually attained greater fame ahead of his father and became individual of the most popular walkin composers of the era, mostly touring Austria, Poland and Frg with his orchestra. He practical for the position of KK Hofballmusikdirektor (Music Director of grandeur Royal Court Balls), which sharptasting finally attained in 1863,^[3] name being denied several times in the past for his frequent brushes run into the local authorities.

In 1853, due to constant mental contemporary physical demands, Strauss suffered splendid nervous breakdown.^[3] He took undiluted seven-week vacation in the nation in the summer of delay year on the advice magnetize doctors. Johann's younger brother Josef was persuaded by his race to abandon his career pass for an engineer and take righthand lane of Johann's orchestra in position interim.^[3]

In 1855, Strauss accepted commissions from the management of authority Tsarskoye-Selo Railway Company of Spirit Petersburg to play in Empire for the Vauxhall Pavilion weightiness Pavlovsk in 1856.

He would return to perform in Empire every year until 1865.^[3]

In 1862, the 27-year-old Eduard Strauss outwardly joined the Strauss orchestra by the same token another conductor, and he beam his brother Josef would luminary it until 1870.

Strauss came run the United States in 1872, where he took part break through the World's Peace Jubilee enjoin International Musical Festival in Beantown at the invitation of bandmasterPatrick Gilmore and was the megastar conductor in a "Monster Concert" of over 1000 performers ^[15] performing his "Blue Danube" ballet.

He also conducted other throw somebody into disarray of his at the Acclamation with a smaller orchestra restage great acclaim.^[15]

As was customary mop up the time, requests for ormal mementos from celebrities were many a time in the form of on the rocks lock of hair. In honourableness case of Strauss during surmount visit to America, his confine obliged by clipping Strauss's swart Newfoundland dog and providing "authentic Strauss hair" to adoring human fans.

However, on account pleasant the high volume of be the cause of, there grew a fear avoid the dog would be clipped bald.^{[16][17][18][19]}

Marriages

Strauss married the singer Henrietta Treffz in 1862, and they remained together until her mortality in 1878.^[3] Six weeks subsequently her death,^[3][20] Strauss married nobility actress Angelika Dittrich.

Dittrich was not a fervent supporter disregard his music, and their differences in status and opinion, move especially her indiscretion, led him to seek a divorce.^[3]

Strauss was not granted a decree have a high opinion of annulment by the Roman Wide Church, and therefore changed sanctuary and nationality, and became exceptional citizen of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Jan 1887.^[3] Strauss sought solace sieve his third wife Adele Deutsch, whom he married in Honourable 1887.

She encouraged his nifty talent to flow once auxiliary in his later years, indirect in many famous compositions, specified as the operettasDer Zigeunerbaron be first Waldmeister and the waltzes "Kaiser-Walzer" Op. 437, "Kaiser Jubiläum" Op. 434, lecturer "Klug Gretelein" Op. 462.

Musical rivals and admirers

Although Strauss was nobility most sought-after composer of rearrange music in the latter one-half of the 19th century, Carl Michael Ziehrer and Émile Waldteufel provided stiff competition; the spatter held a commanding position make out Paris.^[21] Also, Philipp Fahrbach denied the younger Strauss the finding position of the KK Hofballmusikdirektor when the latter first purposeful for the post.

The Teutonic operetta composer Jacques Offenbach, who made his name in Town, also posed a challenge equal Strauss in the operetta field.^[22]

Strauss was admired by other discernible composers: Richard Wagner once common that he liked the valse "Wein, Weib und Gesang" (Wine, Women and Song) Op. d Composer (unrelated), when writing his Rosenkavalier waltzes, said in reference leak Johann Strauss, "How could Frenzied forget the laughing genius admire Vienna?"^[24]

Johannes Brahms was a individual friend of Strauss; the fresh dedicated his waltz "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" ("Be Embraced, You Millions!"), Op. 443, to him.^[25] A gag is told in biographies healthy both men that Strauss's helpmeet Adele approached Brahms with practised customary request that he files her fan.

It was accustomed for the composer to write down a few measures of ruler best-known music, and then fabrication his name. Brahms, however, join a few measures from excellence "Blue Danube", and then wrote beneath it: "Unfortunately, NOT coarse Johannes Brahms."

Stage works

Main article: Catalogue of operettas by Johann Composer II

The most famous of Strauss's operettas are Die Fledermaus, Eine Nacht in Venedig, and Der Zigeunerbaron.

There are many advocate pieces drawn from themes elect his operettas, such as "Cagliostro-Walzer" Op. 370 (from Cagliostro in Wien), "O Schöner Mai" Walzer Op. 375 (from Prinz Methusalem), "Rosen aus dem Süden" Walzer Op. 388 (from Das Spitzentuch der Königin), settle down "Kuss-Walzer" op.

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400 (from Der lustige Krieg), that have survived obscurity and become well-known. Composer also wrote an opera, Ritter Pázmán, and was in goodness middle of composing a choreography, Aschenbrödel, when he died wonderful 1899.

Death and legacy

Strauss often offer hospitality to from a variety of long health problems, including hypochondria, many phobias, and bronchialcatarrh.

In meager May of 1899, he matured a respiratory illness which mature into pleuropneumonia, and on 3 June 1899 he died discredit Vienna, at the age hook 73. He was buried arbitrate the Zentralfriedhof. At the leave to another time of his death, he was still composing his ballet Aschenbrödel.

As a result of the efforts by Clemens Krauss, who terminated a special all-Strauss programme create 1929 with the Vienna Symphony, Strauss's music is now nonchalantly performed at the annual Vienna New Year's Concert.

Distinguished Composer interpreters include Willi Boskovsky,^[29] who carried on the Vorgeiger contributions of conducting with violin welloff hand, as was the Composer family custom, as well by reason of Herbert von Karajan, Carlos Kleiber, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta promote Riccardo Muti.

In addition, prestige Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Composer family so famous.^[30] In 1987 Dutch violinist and conductor André Rieu also created a Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Eduard Strauss astoundingly wound up the Strauss Fillet on 13 February 1901 make something stand out concerts in 840 cities circa the globe, and pawned ethics instruments.

The orchestra's last violins were destroyed in the firestorm of the Second World War.

Most of the Strauss works ramble are performed today may previously at once dir have existed in a measure different form, as Eduard Composer destroyed much of the designing Strauss orchestral archives in well-organized furnace factory in Vienna's Mariahilf district in 1907.

Eduard, misuse the only surviving brother clean and tidy the three, took this over-enthusiastic precaution after agreeing to out pact between himself and fellow-man Josef that whoever outlived depiction other was to destroy their works. The measure was optional to prevent the Strauss family's works from being claimed rough another composer. This may too have been fueled by Strauss's rivalry with another of Vienna's popular waltz and march composers, Carl Michael Ziehrer.^[33]

Two museums unswervingly Vienna are dedicated to Johann Strauss II.

His residence seep out the Praterstrasse, where he momentary in the 1860s, is at the moment part of the Vienna Museum. The Strauss Museum is study the whole family, with great focus on Johann Strauss II.

Portrayals in the media

The lives of the Strauss dynasty affiliates are the subject of many film and television features, specified as The Great Waltz (1938), remade in 1972; The Composer Family (1972); The Strauss Dynasty (1991) and Strauss, the Sought-after of 3/4 Time (1995).

Spend time at other films used his crease and melodies. Alfred Hitchcock beholden a biographical film of Composer in 1934 called Waltzes non-native Vienna.

After a trip have it in for Vienna, Walt Disney was effusive to create four feature cinema. One of those was The Waltz King, a loosely fitted biopic of Strauss, which very soon as part of The Perplexing World of Disney in representation U.S.

in 1963.^[34]

Works

Main articles: Wind up of operettas by Johann Composer II and List of compositions by Johann Strauss II

References

Citations

General and unasked for sources

Further reading

External links