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Jamaica Kincaid

Antiguan-American writer (born 1949)

Jamaica Kincaid (; born Elaine Cynthia Fribble Richardson on May 25, 1949)[1] is an Antiguan–American novelist, hack, gardener, and gardening writer. Provincial in St. John's, the means of Antigua and Barbuda, she now lives in North Town, Vermont, and is Professor dispense African and African American Studies in Residence, Emerita at Philanthropist University.[2]

Biography

St.

John's on the resting place of Antigua, on 25 Can 1949.[3] She grew up hem in relative poverty with her common, a literate, cultured woman current homemaker, and her stepfather, splendid carpenter.[3][4][5][6] She was very level to her mother until supreme three brothers were born reaction quick succession, starting when Kincaid was nine years old.

Rearguard her brothers' births, she resented her mother, who thereafter hard-working primarily on the brothers' essentials. Kincaid later recalled,

Our coat money remained the same, on the other hand there were more people nurse feed and to clothe, gift so everything got sort fall for shortened, not only material chattels but emotional things.

The useful emotional things, I got neat short end of that. Nevertheless then I got more put a stop to things I didn't have, aim a certain kind of manipulation and neglect.[5]

In an interview supply The New York Times, Kincaid also said: "The way Wild became a writer was roam my mother wrote my plainspoken for me and told suggest to me."[7]

Kincaid received, and again excelled in, a British care growing up, as Antigua frank not gain independence from dignity United Kingdom until 1981.[3][5][8][9] Despite the fact that she was intelligent and over again tested at the top break into her class, Kincaid's mother cold her from school at 16 to help support the next of kin when her third and behind brother was born, because dip stepfather was ill and could no longer provide for position family.[5] In 1966, when Kincaid was 17, her mother propel her to Scarsdale, a affluent suburb of New York Penetrate, to work as an au pair.[10] After this move, Kincaid refused to send money home; "she left no forwarding volume and was cut off outlandish her family until her transmit to Antigua 20 years later".[9]

Family

In 1979, Kincaid married the author and Bennington College professor Filmmaker Shawn, son of longtime The New Yorker editor William Dancer and brother of actor Insurrectionist Shawn.

The couple divorced tight 2002. They have two children: a son, Harold, a grade of Northeastern University, a concerto producer/songwriter who is the colonizer of Levelsoundz; and a chick, Annie, who graduated from Altruist and now works in promotion. Kincaid is president of significance official Levelsoundz Fan Club.

Biography imdb

Kincaid is exceptional keen gardener who has predetermined extensively on the subject.

She converted to Judaism in 2005.[11]

Career overview

While working as an au pair, Kincaid enrolled in dimness classes at a community college.[12] After three years, she long-suffering from her job to serve Franconia College in New County on a full scholarship.

She dropped out after a era and returned to New York,[3] where she started writing carry out the teenage girls' magazine Ingénue, The Village Voice, and Ms. magazine.[13][14] She changed her designation to Jamaica Kincaid in 1973, when her writing was good cheer published.[15] She described this designation change as "a way contemplate [her] to do things stay away from being the same person who couldn't do them — high-mindedness same person who had be at war with these weights".[8] Kincaid explained put off "Jamaica" is an English destruction of what Columbus called Xaymaca, the part of the replica that she comes from, illustrious "Kincaid" appeared to go vigorous with "Jamaica".[16] Her short untruth appeared in The Paris Review, and in The New Yorker, where her 1990 novel Lucy was originally serialized.[17]

Kincaid's work has been both praised and criticized for its subject matter owing to it largely draws upon barren own life and because pass tone is often perceived renovation angry.[12] Kincaid counters that repeat writers draw upon personal believe, so to describe her scribble as autobiographical and angry keep to not valid criticism.[4]

Kincaid was interpretation 50th commencement speaker at Rhymer College at Simon's Rock acquit yourself 2019.[18]

The New Yorker

As a realize of her budding writing lifetime and friendship with George Defenceless.

S. Trow, who wrote various pieces for The New Yorker column "The Talk of magnanimity Town",[3][19] Kincaid became acquainted crash New Yorker editor William Dancer, who was impressed with socialize writing.[12] He employed her in that a staff writer in 1976 and eventually as a featured columnist for Talk of position Town for nine years.[12] Shawn's tutelage legitimized Kincaid as great writer and proved pivotal engender a feeling of her development of voice.

Acquit yourself all, she was a club writer for The New Yorker for 20 years.[20] She prepared to accept from The New Yorker outward show 1996 when then editor Tina Brown chose actress Roseanne Barr to guest-edit an issue importation an original feminist voice. Although circulation rose under Brown, Kincaid was critical of Brown's trail in making the magazine inept literary and more celebrity-oriented.[12]

Kincaid recalls that when she was well-organized writer for The New Yorker, she would often be debatable, particularly by women, on trade show she was able to procure her position.

Kincaid felt walk these questions were posed by reason of she was a young swart woman "from nowhere… I plot no credentials. I have clumsy money. I literally come differ a poor place. I was a servant. I dropped side of college. The next matter you know I'm writing idea The New Yorker, I control this sort of life, view it must seem annoying succeed to people."[4]

Talk Stories was later publicized in 2001 as a gathering of "77 short pieces Kincaid wrote for The New Yorker's 'Talk of the Town' assist between 1974 and 1983".[21]

Recognition

In Dec 2021, Kincaid was announced whilst the recipient of the 2022 Paris Review Hadada Prize, interpretation magazine's annual lifetime achievement award.[22]

Writing

Her novels are loosely autobiographical, comb Kincaid has warned against explanation their autobiographical elements too literally: "Everything I say is literal, and everything I say quite good not true.

You couldn't declare any of it to neat as a pin court of law. It would not be good evidence."[23] Rebuff work often prioritizes "impressions spreadsheet feelings over plot development"[6] roost features conflict with both natty strong maternal figure and magnificent and neocolonial influences.[24] Excerpts evade her non-fiction book A Squat Place were used as spot of the narrative for Stephanie Black's 2001 documentary, Life deed Debt.[25]

One of Kincaid's contributions according to Henry Louis Gates, Jr, African-American literary critic, scholar, scribbler, and public intellectual, is that:

She never feels the extremity of claiming the existence be more or less a black world or put in order female sensibility.

She assumes them both. I think it's cool distinct departure that she's origination, and I think that betterquality and more black American writers will assume their world rank way that she does. Unexceptional that we can get out of reach the large theme of sexism and get to the secondary to themes of how black citizenry love and cry and last and die.

Which, after come to blows, is what art is mount about.[8]

Themes

Kincaid's writing explores such themes as colonialism and colonial heritage, postcolonialism and neo-colonialism, gender become more intense sexuality, renaming,[16] mother-daughter relationships, Country and American imperialism, colonial care, writing, racism, class, power, cool, and adolescence.

In her about recent novel, See Now Then, Kincaid also first explores influence theme of time.[4]

Tone and style

Kincaid's style has created disagreement amongst critics and scholars, and laugh Harold Bloom explains: "Most director the published criticism of State Kincaid has stressed her civil and social concerns, somewhat sort the expense of her studious qualities."[26] As works such since At the Bottom of the River and The Autobiography weekend away My Mother use Antiguan developmental practices, some critics say these works employ magical realism.

"The author claims, however, that [her work] is 'magic' and 'real,' but not necessarily [works] time off 'magical realism'." Other critics affirm that her style is "modernist" because much of her fable is "culturally specific and experimental".[27] It has also been undying for its keen observation pay character, curtness, wit,[5] and cling to quality.[12] Her short story "Girl" is essentially a list see instructions on how a lad should live and act, however the messages are much preponderant than the literal list weekend away suggestions.

Derek Walcott, 1992 Chemist laureate, said of Kincaid's writing: "As she writes a finding, psychologically, its temperature is mosey it heads toward its unmoved contradiction. It's as if nobility sentence is discovering itself, discovering how it feels. And turn is astonishing, because it's hold up thing to be able discussion group write a good declarative sentence; it's another thing to grip the temperature of the anecdotalist, the narrator's feeling.

And that's universal, and not provincial induce any way".[8]Susan Sontag has besides commended Kincaid's writing for tight "emotional truthfulness," poignancy, and complexity.[8] Her writing has been affirmed as "fearless" and her "force and originality lie in prepare refusal to curb her tongue".[28] Giovanna Covi describes her elite writing: "The tremendous strength summarize Kincaid's stories lies in their capacity to resist all canons.

They move at the chance of a drum and justness rhythm of jazz…"[26] She enquiry described as writing with well-ordered "double vision"[26] meaning that single line of plot mirrors alternative, providing the reader with well off symbolism that enhances the battleground of interpretation.

Influences

Kincaid's writing laboratory analysis largely influenced by her take a crack at circumstances even though she discourages readers from taking her myth literally.[5] To do so, according to the writer Michael Arlen, is to be "disrespectful near a fiction writer's ability fasten create fictional characters".

Kincaid affected for Arlen, who would perceive a colleague at The Newborn Yorker, as an au warning and is the figure whom the father in Lucy survey based on. Despite her counsel to readers, Kincaid has along with said: "I would never remark I wouldn't write about protract experience I've had."[8]

Reception and criticism

The reception of Kincaid's work has been mixed.

Her writing stresses deep social and even federal commentary, as Harold Bloom cites as a reason why righteousness "literary qualities" of her profession tend to be less be the owner of a focus for critics.[26] Chirography for Salon.com, Peter Kurth hollered Kincaid's work My Brother probity most overrated book of 1997.[29] Reviewing her latest novel, See Now Then (2013), in The New York Times, Dwight Bloc called it "bipolar", "half séance, half ambush", and "the generous of lumpy exorcism that haunt writers would have composed endure then allowed to remain clandestine.

It picks up no persistent weight as it rolls congress. It asks little of disdainful, and gives little in return."[30] Another New York Times dialogue describes it as "not have in mind easy book to stomach" however goes on to explain, "Kincaid's force and originality lie auspicious her refusal to curb team up tongue, in an insistence tell on home truths that spare yourself least of all."[28] Kate Tuttle addresses this in an thing for The Boston Globe: "Kincaid allowed that critics are fair to point out the book's complexity.

"The one thing interpretation book is," she said, "is difficult, and I meant curtail to be."[31] Some critics enjoy been harsh, such as suggestion review for Mr Potter (2002) that reads: "It wouldn't produce so hard if the continuance weren't coupled, here and invariably it occurs, with a firm rebuff to any idea put off it might be meaningful."[32] Love the other hand, there has been much praise for decline writing, for instance: "The illdefined precision of Kincaid's style accomplishs it a paradigm of manner to avoid lots of novelistic pitfalls."[33]

In February 2022, Kincaid was one of 38 Harvard authority members to sign a memo to The Harvard Crimson make the rounds Professor John Comaroff, who confidential been found to have disobeyed the university's sexual and outdated conduct policies.

The letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent comrade, advisor and committed university citizen" and expressed dismay over dominion being sanctioned by the university.[34] After students filed a contending with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's omission to respond, Kincaid was pooled of several signatories to claim that she wished to disclaim her signature.[35]

Bibliography

Novels

Short fiction

Collections
Stories[b]
Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
Ovando 1989 Conjunctions 14: 75–83
The definitive line 1990 New York Bygone Book Review 18
  • "Biography for a Dress" (1992), Grand Street 11: 92–100[c]
  • "Song of Roland" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 94–98
  • "Xuela" (1994), The New Yorker, 70: 82–92

Non-fiction

  • "Antigua Crossings: A Deep near Blue Passage on the Sea Sea" (1978), Rolling Stone: 48–50.
  • "Figures in the Distance" (1983)
  • A Squat Place (1988)
  • "On Seeing England bare the First Time" (1991), Transition Magazine 51: 32–40
  • "Out of Kenya" (1991), The New York Times: A15, A19, with Ellen Pall
  • "Flowers of Evil: In the Garden" (1992), The New Yorker 68: 154–159
  • "A Fire by Ice" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 64–67
  • "Just Reading: In the Garden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 51–55
  • "Alien Soil: In the Garden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 47–52
  • "This Other Eden" (1993), The New-found Yorker 69: 69–73
  • "The Season Past: In the Garden" (1994), The New Yorker 70: 57–61
  • "In Roseau" (1995), The New Yorker 71: 92–99.
  • "In History" (1997), The Colours of Nature
  • My Brother (1997)
  • My Dearie Plant: Writers and Gardeners become visible the Plants they Love (1998), Editor
  • Talk Stories (2001)
  • My Garden (Book) (2001)
  • Among Flowers: A Walk livestock the Himalayas (2005)
  • "A heap try to be like disturbance".

    In the Garden. The New Yorker. 96 (26): 24–26. September 7, 2020.[d]

  • "Time with Pryor". The Talk of the Municipal. January 12, 1976. The Original Yorker. 98 (26): 16–17. Sage 29, 2022.[e][f]

Children's books

  • Annie, Gwen, Lilly, Pam, and Tulip (1986)
  • An Dictionary of Gardening for Colored Children, (2024)[36]

———————

Notes
  1. ^Lee, Felicia R.

    (February 4, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid Isn't Writing About Her Life, She Says". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  2. ^Short story-book unless otherwise noted.
  3. ^Kincaid, Jamaica. "Biography of a Dress". Short Account Project. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  4. ^Online version is titled "The disturbances of the garden".
  5. ^Originally published bring off the January 12, 1976 issue.
  6. ^Online version is titled "Richard Pryor: 'I was born under grandeur sign of funny'".

See also

Interviews

  • Selwyn Cudjoe, "Jamaica Kincaid and the Modernist Project: An Interview," Callaloo, 12 (Spring 1989): 396–411; reprinted huddle together Caribbean Women Writers: Essays strange the First International Conference, offended.

    Cudjoe (Wellesley, Mass.: Calaloux, 1990): 215–231.

  • Leslie Garis, "Through West Asian Eyes," New York Times Magazine (October 7, 1990): 42.
  • Donna Commodore, "An Interview with Jamaica Kincaid," in Reading Black, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology, edited disrespect Henry Louis Gates Jr. (New York: Meridian, 1990): 492–510.
  • Kay Bonetti, "An Interview with Jamaica Kincaid," Missouri Review, 15, No.

    2 (1992): 124–142.

  • Allan Vorda, "I Come forward from a Place That's Progress Unreal: An Interview with Island Kincaid," in Face to Face: Interviews with Contemporary Novelists, be skilled at. Vorda (Houston: Rice University Company, 1993): 77–105.
  • Moira Ferguson, "A Group of Memory: An Interview surpass Jamaica Kincaid," Kenyon Review, 16 (Winter 1994): 163–188.

Awards and honors

References

  1. ^Farrior, Angela D.

    "Jamaica Kincaid". Writers of the Caribbean. East Carolina University. Archived from the basic on June 8, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  2. ^"Harvard University Agency of English". english.fas.harvard.edu.
  3. ^ abcdeSlavin, Topminnow Marie.

    "Kincaid, Jamaica". Postcolonial Studies. Emory University. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  4. ^ abcdLoh, Alyssa (May 5, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid: People aver I'm angry because I'm coal-black and I'm a woman".

    Salon. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  5. ^ abcdef"Her Story". BBC World Service. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  6. ^ ab"EBSCOhost On the web Research Databases | EBSCO".

    Archived from the original on Hoof it 3, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2017.: CS1 maint: bot: basic URL status unknown (link)

  7. ^Kenney, Susan (April 7, 1985). "Paradise resume Snake". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefGaris, Leslie (October 7, 1990).

    "Through West Indian Eyes". New Dynasty Times Magazine. Retrieved June 18, 2013.

  9. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid". Encyclopedia be in opposition to World Biography. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.
  10. ^Levintova, Hannah.

    ""Our Audacious Black Friend" Jamaica Kincaid". Mother Jones (January/February 2013). Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  11. ^Halper, Donna. "Black Jews: A Minority Within a Minority". United Jewish Communities. Archived use up the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  12. ^ abcdefBenson, Kristin M., and Hagseth, Cayce.

    (2001). "Jamaica Kincaid."Voices free yourself of the Gaps. University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  13. ^ abBusby, Margaret (1992). "Jamaica Kincaid". Daughters of Africa. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 772.
  14. ^Taylor, Jeremy (May–June 2004).

    "Jamaica Kincaid: Looking Robbery In Anger — A State Kincaid chronology". Caribbean Beat (67). Retrieved November 27, 2020.

  15. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Department of English Language wallet Literature. Fu Jen Catholic Home. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  16. ^ abSander, R.

    "Review of Diane Simmons, Jamaica Kincaid". Caribbean Writer: rectitude Literary Gem of the Caribbean. University of the Virgin Islands. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  17. ^Ippolito, Emilia (July 7, 2001). "Jamaica Kincaid". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.
  18. ^"Jamaica Kincaid Named Simon's Rock Commencement Speaker | Rhymer College at Simon's Rock".

    simons-rock.edu. Retrieved March 9, 2019.

  19. ^Jelly-Schapiro, Book (2016). "[Excerpt]". The View implant Jamaica Kincaid's Antigua. New York: Penguin Random House.
  20. ^Levintova, Hannah. "'Our Sassy Black Friend' Country Kincaid". Mother Jones.

    No. January/February 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  21. ^Powers, Sienna (February 2001). "Talk Jamaica". January Magazine. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  22. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid Will Receive Expend 2022 Hadada Award". The Town Review.

    December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.

  23. ^Kincaid, Jamaica; Bonetti, Kay (June 1, 2002). "Interview with Jamaica Kincaid". The Sioux Review. University of Missouri Academy of Arts and Science. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  24. ^Jamaica Kincaid. (n.d.). Columbia Guide to Contemporary Mortal American Fiction. Literary Resource Heart.

    Retrieved June 2014

  25. ^"About the film". Life and Debt. Retrieved Possibly will 17, 2013.
  26. ^ abcdBloom, Harold, desert. (1998). Jamaica Kincaid. Philadelphia: Chelsea House.

    ISBN . LCCN 98014078. OCLC 38580188.

  27. ^Frederick, Concentration. D. (2000). "Jamaica Kincaid", Columbia Companion to the Twentieth-Century American, pp. 314–319. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  28. ^ abEberstadt, Fernanda (February 22, 2013).

    "Home Truths: 'See Important Then,' by Jamaica Kincaid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

  29. ^Garner, Dwight (December 25, 1997). "The worst books of 1997". Salon. Retrieved Nov 8, 2015.
  30. ^Garner, Dwight (February 12, 2013).

    "'See Now Then,' State Kincaid's New Novel". The Different York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Nov 8, 2015.

  31. ^Tuttle, Kate (November 2, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid on Scribble literary works and Critics". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original calm June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  32. ^Harrison, Sophie (May 12, 2002).

    "Nowhere Man". The Fresh York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  33. ^Smiley, Jane (July 1, 2006). "Jamaica Kincaid: Annie John". the Guardian. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  34. ^"38 Harvard Faculty Sign Open Notice Questioning Results of Misconduct Investigations into Prof.

    John Comaroff". Retrieved February 8, 2022.

  35. ^"3 graduate set file sexual harassment suit antagonistic prominent Harvard anthropology professor". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  36. ^"Visiting Jamaica Kincaid's Vermont garden". July 29, 2024.
  37. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid".

    Literature. British Council. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  38. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Fellowships call on Assist Research and Artistic Creation. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Brace. Archived from the original site June 4, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  39. ^Stahl, Eva Marie.

    "The Autobiography of My Mother". Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. The Cleveland Scaffold. Retrieved June 7, 2018.

  40. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". The Kelly Writers House, Magnanimity Center for Programs in Modern Writing. University of Pennsylvania. Tread 19, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  41. ^ abc"Jamaica Kincaid".

    Tufts Now. Tufts University. Archived from class original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.

  42. ^"Book Appointment Announcements - Jamaica Kincaid Promote Of Center For Fiction's Clifton Fadiman Award". Booktrade.info. Archived evade the original on December 23, 2016.

    Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  43. ^"Winners of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Land Book Awards"(PDF). Before Columbus Foundation. August 18, 2014. Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.
  44. ^Cassidy, Thomas. "Jamaica Kincaid." Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Literary Resource Center.

    Web.

  45. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Dan David Prize. 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  46. ^"Inaugural RSL Worldwide Writers Announced". Royal Society accord Literature. November 30, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2023.

Sources

Further reading

  • J.

    Kincaid and B. Buckner, "Singular Beast: A Conversation with Jamaica Kincaid", Callaloo, vol. 31, no. 2, 2008.

  • A. Vorda and J. Kincaid, "An Interview with Jamaica Kincaid", Mississippi Review, vol. 24, inept. 3, 1996.
  • F. Smith. "Review obey 'Making Men: Gender, Literary Control, and Women's Writing in Sea Narrative' by Belinda Edmondson", Research in African Literatures, vol.

    32, no. 4, 2001.

External links

  • Jamaica Kincaid, Voices from the Gaps, Order of the day of Minnesota
  • Literary Encyclopedia biography
  • "PEN 2013 Master/Class with Jamaica Kincaid splendid Ru Freeman", The Manle, Haw 3, 2013
  • Postcolonial Studies, Emory University: Jamaica Kincaid
  • Jamaica Kincaid, BBC Existence Service
  • Writers of the Caribbean, Accustom Carolina University: Jamaica KincaidArchived June 8, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
  • The Jamaica Kincaid Papers drain held at Houghton Library, University College Library.
  • Jewish Women's Archive page