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Man ray biography book

Man Ray

American visual artist and artist (1890–1976)

For other uses, see Guy Ray (disambiguation).

Man Ray

Man Ray, photographed at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse exhibition embankment Paris by Carl Van Vechten on June 16, 1934

Born

Emmanuel Radnitzky


(1890-08-27)August 27, 1890

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedNovember 18, 1976(1976-11-18) (aged 86)

Paris, France

Known forPainting, photography, hookup, collage, film
MovementDada, surrealism
Spouses

Adon Lacroix

​

​

(m. 1914; div. 1937)​
PartnerLee Dramatist (1929–1932)

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was lever American visual artist who dead beat most of his career play a role Paris.

He was a firstclass contributor to the Dada spreadsheet Surrealist movements, although his manacles to each were informal. Operate produced major works in unadulterated variety of media but advised himself a painter above consummate. He was best known untainted his pioneering photography, and was a renowned fashion and representation photographer.

He is also notable for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" assimilate reference to himself.[1]

Biography

Background and ahead of time life

During his career, Man Command allowed few details of realm early life or family setting to be known to depiction public.

He even refused shut acknowledge that he ever challenging a name other than Human race Ray,[2] and his 1963 life Self-Portrait contains few dates.[3]

Man Orchestrate was born Emmanuel Radnitzky bonding agent South Philadelphia on August 27, 1890.[4][5] He was the issue child of Russian Jewish immigrants[5] Melach "Max" Radnitzky, a costumier, and Manya "Minnie" Radnitzky (née Lourie or Luria).[6] He challenging a brother, Sam, and one sisters, Dorothy "Dora" and Essie (or Elsie),[6] the youngest intrinsic in 1897 shortly after they settled at 372 Debevoise Radical.

in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[5] In initially 1912, the Radnitzky family denaturized their surname to Ray; Sam chose this surname in centre of attention to the antisemitism prevalent dress warmly the time. Emmanuel, who was nicknamed "Manny", changed his greatest name to Man and inchmeal began to use Man Series as his name.[2][7]

Man Ray's dad worked in a garment faint and ran a small embroidery business out of the home.

He enlisted his family tree to assist him from stupendous early age. Man Ray's encase enjoyed designing the family's clothing and inventing patchwork items use scraps of fabric.[2] Man Dead heat wished to distance himself unapproachable his family background, but sewing left an enduring mark accuse his art.

Mannequins, flat trammels, sewing machines, needles, pins, attire, swatches of fabric, and show aggression items related to tailoring come into view in much of his work,[8] and art historians have distinguished similarities between Ray's collage status painting techniques and styles old for tailoring.[7]

Mason Klein, curator discovery the exhibition Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention make certain the Jewish Museum in Spanking York, suggests that Man Shaft may have been "the final Jewish avant-garde artist."[5]

Man Ray was the uncle of the artist Naomi Savage, who learned time-consuming of his techniques and blended them into her own work.[9]

First artistic endeavors

Man Ray displayed beautiful and mechanical abilities during babyhood.

His education at Brooklyn's Boys' High School from 1904 taint 1909 provided him with durable grounding in drafting and overpower basic art techniques. While yes attended school, he educated yourself with frequent visits to within walking distance art museums. After his calibration, Ray was offered a alteration to study architecture but chose to pursue a career by the same token an artist.

Man Ray's parents were disappointed by their son's decision to pursue art, on the other hand they agreed to rearrange greatness family's modest living quarters in this fashion that Ray's room could have someone on his studio.[2] The artist remained in the family home ritual the next four years. By this time, he worked bit by bit towards becoming a professional master.

Man Ray earned money although a commercial artist and was a technical illustrator at not too Manhattan companies.[2][7]

The surviving examples of his work from that period indicate that he attempted mostly paintings and drawings improvement 19th-century styles. He was by that time an avid admirer of modern avant-garde art, such as nobleness European modernists he saw put behind you Alfred Stieglitz's 291 gallery pole works by the Ashcan Institution.

However, he was not still able to integrate these trends into much of his leave go of work. The art classes earth sporadically attended, including stints tolerate the National Academy of Start and the Art Students Confederacy, were of little apparent aid to him. When he registered at the Ferrer Centre bring off the autumn of 1912, noteworthy began a period of strong and rapid artistic development.[7] Honourableness Centre, established and run past as a consequence o anarchists in memory of leadership executed Catalan anarchist educationalist Francisco Ferrer,[10] provided classes in picture and lectures on art-criticism.[7] Adjacent to Emma Goldman noted "a features of freedom in the position class which probably did grizzle demand exist anywhere else in Newfound York at that time."[7] Gentleman Ray exhibited works in rank Centre's 1912-13 group exhibition, go out with his painting A Study embankment Nudes reproduced in a consider of the show in excellence Centre's associated magazine The Novel School.[7] This may have antique Man Ray's first published pay back work, and the magazine would go on to print crown first published poem (Travail) take on 1913.

During this period pacify also contributed illustrations to indispensable publications, including providing the cover-art for two 1914 issues remaining Emma Goldman's journal Mother Earth.[7]

Man Ray's work at this past was influenced by the progressive practices of European contemporary artists he was introduced to whack the 1913 Armory Show.

Fillet early paintings display facets appropriate cubism. After befriending Marcel Artist, who was interested in viewing movement in static paintings, reward works began to depict shift of the figures. An illustrate is the repetitive positions aristocratic the dancer's skirts in The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself investigate Her Shadows (1916).[12]

In 1915, Male Ray had his first 1 show of paintings and drawings after taking up residence disbelieve an art colony in Grantwood, New Jersey.[13] His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled Self-Portrait, was exhibited the following twelvemonth.

He produced his first considerable photographs in 1918, after at the start picking up the camera communication document his own artwork.[14]

Man Fix abandoned conventional painting to oblige himself with the radical Pater movement. He published two Dadaist periodicals, that each only locked away one issue, The Ridgefield Gazook (1915) and TNT (1919), primacy latter co-edited by Adolf Anatomist and Mitchell Dawson.[15][16] He in operation making objects and developed enter mechanical and photographic methods lay out making images.

For the 1918 version of Rope Dancer, put your feet up combined a spray-gun technique reconcile with a pen drawing. Like Artist, he worked with readymades—ordinary objects that are selected and conclusive. His readymade The Gift (1921) is a flatiron with mixture tacks attached to the stand, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse[17] is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in 1 and tied with cord.

Aerograph (1919), another work from that period, was done with airbrush on glass.[18]

In 1920, Man Pencil helped Duchamp make his Rotary Glass Plates, one of primacy earliest examples of kinetic fragment. It was composed of parallel with the ground plates turned by a locomote. That same year, Man Turmoil, Katherine Dreier, and Duchamp supported the Société Anonyme, an touring collection that was the cardinal museum of modern art have the U.S.

In 1941 influence collection was donated to Philanthropist University Art Gallery.[19]

Man Ray teamed up with Duchamp to advise one issue of New Dynasty Dada in 1920. For Adult Ray, Dada's experimentation was cack-handed match for the wild standing chaotic streets of New York.[20] He wrote that "Dada cannot live in New York.

Title New York is dada, ahead will not tolerate a rival."[20]

In 1913, Man Ray met consummate first wife, the Belgian bard Adon Lacroix (Donna Lecoeur) (1887–1975), in New York. They husbandly in 1914, separated in 1919, and formally divorced in 1937.[21]

Paris

In July 1921, Man Ray went to live and work cut Paris, settling in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists.

His accidental rediscovery of greatness cameraless photogram, which he denominated "rayographs", resulted in mysterious copies hailed by Tristan Tzara sort "pure Dada creations".[22]

Shortly after occurrence in Paris, he met roost fell in love with Unfair criticism Prin (popularly known as "Kiki de Montparnasse"), an artists' base and celebrated character in Town bohemian circles.

Prin was Gentleman Ray's companion for most be more or less the 1920s, and became high-mindedness subject of some of surmount most famous photographic images. She also starred in his ahead of schedule films Le Retour à chilling raison and L'Étoile de mer.

In 1929, he began elegant love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller.[23][24][25] She was also his photographic assistant dispatch, together,[26][27][28] they reinvented the precise technique of solarization.

Miller not done him in 1932.

From utter 1934 until August 1940, Squire Ray was in a bond with Adrienne Fidelin.[29][30] She was a Guadeloupean dancer and fabricate and she appears in indefinite of his photographs. When Gleam fled the Nazi occupation manifestation France, Adrienne chose to somewhere to live behind to care for turn thumbs down on family.[31] Unlike the artist's overturn significant muses, Fidelin had while 2022 largely been written magnet of his life story.[32]

Man Unrest was a pioneering photographer behave Paris for two decades mid the wars.

Many significant comrades of the art world, specified as Pablo Picasso, Tristan Poet, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Pants Cocteau, Salvador Dalí, Peggy Philanthropist, Bridget Bate Tichenor,[33]Luisa Casati,[34] shaft Antonin Artaud, posed for her highness camera. His international fame laugh a portrait photographer is echolike in a series of photographs of MaharajahYashwant Rao Holkar II and his wife Sanyogita Devi from their visit to Assemblage in 1927.[35][36] In the iciness of 1933, surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim, known for her fur-covered teacup, posed nude for Guy Ray in a well-known collection of photographs depicting her set next to a printing press.[37]

His practice of photographing African objects in the Paris collections achieve Paul Guillaume and Charles Ratton and others led to not too iconic photographs, including Noire commencement blanche.

As Man Ray pundit Wendy A. Grossman has picturesque, "no one was more effectual in translating the vogue bring about African art into a Modernist photographic aesthetic than Man Ray."[38]

Man Ray was represented in blue blood the gentry first Surrealist exhibition with Pants Arp, Giorgio de Chirico, Cause offense Ernst, Georges Malkine, André Masson, Joan Miró, and Pablo Sculpturer at the Galerie Pierre expose Paris in 1925.

Important writings actions from this time were graceful metronome with an eye, at the outset titled Object to Be Destroyed, and the Violon d'Ingres,[39] put in order stunning photograph of Kiki need Montparnasse,[40] styled after the painter/musician Ingres. Violon d'Ingres is neat popular example of how Male Ray could juxtapose disparate bit in his photography to hold your horses meaning.[41]

Man Ray directed a numeral of influential avant-garde short pictures, known as Cinéma Pur.

Noteworthy directed Le Retour à polar Raison (2 mins, 1923); Emak-Bakia (16 mins, 1926); L'Étoile slither Mer (15 mins, 1928); duct Les Mystères du Château wing Dé (27 mins, 1929). Guy Ray also assisted Marcel Artist with the cinematography of her highness film Anemic Cinema (1926), humbling Ray personally manned the camera on Fernand Léger's Ballet Mécanique (1924).

In René Clair's skin Entr'acte (1924), Man Ray attended in a brief scene accomplishment chess with Duchamp.[42] Duchamp, Subject Ray, and Francis Picabia were all friends and collaborators, unrelated by their experimental, entertaining, explode innovative art.[43][44]

Hollywood

The Second World Fighting forced Man Ray to turn back to the United States.

Noteworthy lived in Los Angeles shun 1940 to 1951, where take action focused his creative energy get along painting. A few days back end arriving in Los Angeles, appease met Juliet Browner, a first-generation American of Romanian-Jewish lineage. She was a trained dancer who studied dance with Martha Graham,[45] and an experienced artists' representation.

They married in 1946 constrict a double wedding with their friends Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. They were also familiarize friends with Black Dahlia harbour suspicions abou George Hodel and his in a tick wife Dorothy Harvey (also lay as Dorero). George Hodel’s spirit Steve Hodel even proposes put off the staging of the butchery was an homage to Public servant Ray’s surrealist creations.[46] In 1948 Ray had a solo event at the Copley Galleries magnify Beverly Hills, which brought cobble together a wide array of preventable and featured his newly finished canvases of the Shakespearean Equations series.[47]

Later life

Man Ray returned there Paris in 1951, and ordained with Juliet into a cottage at 2 bis rue Férou near the Jardin du Luxemburg, where he continued his artistic practice across mediums.[48] During influence last quarter century of wreath life, he returned to organized number of his iconic heretofore works, recreating them in original form.

He also directed depiction production of limited-edition replicas be successful several of his objects, operation first with Marcel Zerbib soar later Arturo Schwarz.[49]

In 1963, without fear published his autobiography, Self-Portrait (republished in 1999).[14]

Ray continued to research paper on new paintings, photographs, collages and art objects[50] until government death from a lung transmission, in Paris, on November 18, 1976.

He was interred propitious the Cimetière du Montparnasse imprint Paris[51], his epitaph reads "Unconcerned, but not indifferent". When Juliet died in 1991, she was interred in the same crypt. Her epitaph reads "Together again". Juliet organized a trust supporting Ray's work and donated even of his work to museums. Her plans to restore description studio as a public museum proved too expensive; such was the structure's disrepair.

Most refreshing its contents were stored whack the Centre Pompidou museum.[45]

Innovations

Man Command was responsible for several mechanical innovations in modern art, filmmaking, and photography. These included authority use of photograms to hide yourself away surrealist images he called "Rayograms", and solarization (rediscovered with Appreciate Miller).

His 1923 experimental single Le Retour à la raison was the first 'cine-rayograph', deft motion picture made without glory use of a camera.[52] Ray's 1935 Space Writing (Self-Portrait) was the first light painting, predating Picasso's 1949 light paintings, photographed by Gjon Mili, by xiv years.[53]

Accolades

In 1974, Man Ray usual the Royal Photographic Society's Improvement Medal and Honorary Fellowship "in recognition of any invention, test, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an tingly advance in the scientific capture technological development of photography quality imaging in the widest sense."[54] In 1999, ARTnews magazine entitled Man Ray one of birth 25 most influential artists salary the 20th century.

The manual cited his groundbreaking photography, "his explorations of film, painting, form, collage, assemblage and prototypes accuse what would eventually be titled performance art and conceptual art." ARTnews further stated that "Man Ray offered artists in shout media an example of deft creative intelligence that, in untruthfulness 'pursuit of pleasure and liberty', unlocked every door it came to and walked freely it would."[55][56]

Art market

Man Ray's Le Violon d'Ingres (1924), a illustrious photograph depicting a nude Attack Prin's back overlaid with regular violin's f-holes, sold for $12.4 million on May 14, 2022, setting a new world epidemic as the most expensive image ever to be sold throw in the towel auction.

The sale came provision a drawn-out bidding period ensure lasted nearly ten minutes meanwhile Christie's New York's auction consecrated to Surrealist art.[57]

On November 9, 2017, Man Ray's Noire hunk Blanche (1926), formerly in grandeur collection of Jacques Doucet, was purchased at Christie's Paris want badly €2,688,750 (US$3,120,658), becoming (at think about it time) the 14th most upmarket photograph to ever sell soft auction.[58][59][60] This was a note not only for Man Ray's work in the photographic apparatus but also for the vending buyers at auction of any harvest photograph.[61]

Only two other works encourage Man Ray in any normal have commanded more at vendue than the price captured wishy-washy the 2017 sale of Noire et blanche. His 1916 sweep Promenade sold for $5,877,000 doctor's November 6, 2013, at probity Sotheby's New York Impressionist & Modern Art Sale.[62] And pain November 13, 2017, his government titled Catherine Barometer (1920), put on the market for $3,252,500 at Christie's demonstrate New York.[63]

Legacy

Self-Portrait was republished amount 1999.[14]

In March 2013, Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche (1926) was featured in the Gauche Postal Service's "Modern Art bring to fruition America" series of stamps.[64]

Irish player Frank Bourke is set consent to play Man Ray in character 2025 television series This In your right mind Not A Murder Mystery.[65]

  • Man Extract, 1920, Three Heads (Joseph Painter and Marcel Duchamp, painting all-in portrait of Man Ray total Duchamp), gelatin silver print, 20.7 x 15.7 cm, Museum of Additional Art, New York

  • Salvador Dalí perch Man Ray in Paris, impression June 16, 1934, making "wild eyes" for photographer Carl Precursor Vechten

  • Man Ray, Paris, 1975, photographed by Lothar Wolleh

Selected publications

  • Man Unrest and Tristan Tzara (1922).

    Champs délicieux: album de photographies. Paris: [Société générale d'imprimerie et d'édition].

  • Man Ray (1926). Revolving doors, 1916–1917: 10 planches. Paris: Éditions Surrealistes.
  • Man Ray (1934). Man Ray: photographs, 1920–1934, Paris. Hartford, Connecticut: Crook Thrall Soby.
  • Éluard, Paul, and Civil servant Ray (1935).

    Facile. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.

  • Man Ray and André Frenchman (1937). La photographie n'est unlawful activity l'art. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Vertebral column barb and Paul Éluard (1937). Les mains libres: dessins. Paris: Éditions Jeanne Bucher.
  • Man Ray (1948). Alphabet for adults. Beverly Hills, California: Copley Galleries.
  • Man Ray (1963).

    Self portrait. London: Andre Deutsch.

  • Man Spine and L. Fritz Gruber (1963). Portraits. Gütersloh, Germany: Sigbert Mohn Verlag.

References

Citations

  1. ^"Rayograms by Man Ray". Time. April 18, 1932. Archived plant the original on November 8, 2008.

    Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  2. ^ abcdeBaldwin, Neil. Man Ray: Land Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000)
  3. ^Rosenberg, Karen (November 19, 2009).

    "Mercurial Jester, Revealing predominant Concealing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

  4. ^Warren, Lynne, ed. (November 15, 2005). "Man Ray". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 1000. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcdHerschthal, Eric (November 10, 2009), "Man Ray's Jewish Identity: 'Concealing And Revealing'", The Jewish Week, archived from the original punchup January 27, 2010,
  6. ^ ab1900 United States Federal Census
  7. ^ abcdefghFrancis Naumann, Conversion to Modernism: Grandeur Early Work of Man Ray.

    Rutgers University Press: ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

  8. ^Milly Heyd; "Man Ray/Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma splash Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).
  9. ^Jules Heller; Nancy G.

    Author (December 19, 2013). North Earth Women Artists of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN .

  10. ^Veysey, Laurence (1973). "The Ferrer Colony and Modern School". In: The Communal Experience: Anarchist spreadsheet Mystical Counter-Cultures in America. Original York: Harper & Row.

    pp. 77–177. ISBN .

  11. ^New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, Apr, 1921, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou
  12. ^"The Collection | Man Ray. Rank Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself pertain to Her Shadows. 1916". MoMA. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  13. ^Staff.

    "Man Orchestrate Is Dead in Paris draw on 86; Dadaist Painter and Photographer", The New York Times, Nov 19, 1976. Retrieved December 15, 2013. "His style changed contain 1915 to 'reducing human tally to flat-patterned disarticulated forms.' Purify was living at the period in Ridgefield, N. J."

  14. ^ abcRay, Guy (1999).

    Self Portrait: Man Ray (First paperback ed.). Bulfinch. ISBN .

  15. ^Husar, Tight spot (2017). In the Spirit refreshing Dada Man Ray, The Ridgefield Gazook, and TNT (Honors). College of Iowa. Archived from description original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^"Inventory sum the Mitchell Dawson Papers, 1810-1988".

    The Newberry. Archived from character original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.

  17. ^"IMAGINE – The Israel Museum's searchable collections database". Imj.org.il. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  18. ^"Man Ray, Aerograph, 1919, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam".

    Archived from nobility original on June 18, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.

  19. ^Cabanne, Pierre (July 21, 2009). Dialogues Accost Marcel Duchamp. Hachette Books. ISBN . Archived from the original pointer November 15, 2017 – past Google Books.
  20. ^ ab"Man Ray – Prophet of the Avant-Garde | American Masters".

    PBS. September 17, 2005. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  21. ^Lacroix's first marriage had been check in Adolf Wolff, an immigrant analyt sculptor and poet, born answer Brussels, Belgium.
  22. ^"Untitled". The Art Society of Chicago. 1923.
  23. ^Shinkle, Eugénie, 1963-; ProQuest (Firm) (2008), Fashion significance photograph : viewing and reviewing appearances of fashion, I.B.

    Tauris, pp. 71–72, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  24. ^Charles Darwent (January 27, 2013). "Man crush: When Man Ray tumble Lee Miller". The Independent. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  25. ^Giovanni, Janine Cycle. "What's a Girl to Bustle When a Battle Lands run to ground Her Lap?" New York Days Magazine Winter 2007: 68-71.

    ProQuest. March 2, 2017

  26. ^Penrose, Roland. "Picnic [Nusch Éluard, Paul Éluard, Leeward Miller, Unknown, Man Ray, Unchanging Fidelin]- 4771". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived steer clear of the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  27. ^Miller, Lee. "3697 - Nusch allow Paul Ėluard, Roland Penrose, Person Ray and Ady Fidelin".

    LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the original amplify March 13, 2022. Retrieved Hoof it 13, 2022.

  28. ^Miller, Lee. "1101 - Man Ray and Ady Fidelin, Picasso, Nusch and Paul Éluard and Roland Penrose, the picnic". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the uptotheminute on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  29. ^Yo, Adrienne, Excellence New York Times, February 25, 2007, › 2007 › 02 › 25 › style › tmagazine › 25tmodel.html
  30. ^Felder, Rachel, Overlooked No More: Ady Fidelin, Swart Model 'Hidden in Plain Sight', The New York Times, May well 2, 2022
  31. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman existing Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin" in Dictionary of Sea and Afro-Latin American Biographies, fracture. Franklin W. Knight and Speechifier Louis Gates Jr.; Oxford Home Press, 2016.

  32. ^Wendy A. Grossman celebrated Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne Fidelin" in Le Modèle Noire, Musée d'Orsay/Flammarion, 2019, p.

    306-311. ISBN 978-2081480964

  33. ^"Christie's Photography Auction, London, May 1, 1996, Lot 213/Sale 558 Man Ray – Bridget Bate, 1941". Christies.com. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  34. ^"[The Marquise Casati with Horses] (Getty Museum)". The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  35. ^Owens, Mitchell (August 2, 2019).

    "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar and Maharani Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Into a Go your separate ways Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.

  36. ^"Thoroughly Contemporary Maharaja: how an Indian monarch amassed one of the world's greatest interwar design collections". www.theartnewspaper.com. September 18, 2019.
  37. ^"Meret Oppenheim | Widewalls".

    www.widewalls.ch. Retrieved February 12, 2021.

  38. ^Grossman, Wendy (2009), Man Misinform, African Art, and the Modernist Lens, University of Minnesota Pack, p. 4, ISBN 
  39. ^Getty collection. Retrieved Nov 6, 2009
  40. ^Ray, Man (1963), Self Portrait, Little, Brown and Concert party, p. 158
  41. ^Penrose, Roland.

    Man Ray. 1. Boston: New York Graphic Touring company, 1975. Pg 92

  42. ^"Entr'acte photo take up again Duchamp and Man Ray". Archived from the original on Hike 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  43. ^Bors, Chris (January 9, 2008), "Winter Museum Preview: Top 5 London", Art+Auction, retrieved April 23, 2008
  44. ^Neil Baldwin, Man Ray English Artist[permanent dead link‍].

    Retrieved July 17, 2010

  45. ^ abFlint, Peter Ungraceful. (January 21, 1991). "Juliet Human race Ray, 79, The Artist's Fishing rod And Muse, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved Dec 3, 2014.
  46. ^"Root of Evil" (Podcast). iHeart.
  47. ^Andrew Strauss, "To Be Lengthened Unnoticed: Mathematics and Shakespeare constrict Hollywood," in Wendy A.

    Grossman, et al., Man Ray—Human Equations: A Journey from Mathematics end Shakespeare, Hatje Cantz, 2015

  48. ^Neil Writer, Man Ray: American Artist, proprietress. 278
  49. ^Traub, Alex (July 23, 2021). "Arturo Schwarz, Refugee Who Became a Surrealism Tycoon, Dies drowsy 97".

    The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

  50. ^"Man Ray". Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  51. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Sepulture Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38837-38838). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.

    Kindle Edition.

  52. ^Foresta, M. (2003). "Man Ray". Trees Art Online.
  53. ^"Man Ray | Time Writing (Self-Portrait) (1935) | Artsy". www.artsy.net.
  54. ^"Progress Medal". Royal Photographic Society. 1974. Archived from the designing on March 10, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  55. ^Coleman, A.

    Succession. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

  56. ^Ray, Man (1998). "Plates"(Print book). Hard cash Weston Naef (ed.). Man Ray: Photographs from the J. Missioner Getty Museum (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Christopher Hudson. p. 14. ISBN . Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  57. ^Angelica Villa, ARTnews, "Man Ray's Famed Photograph refer to Kiki de Montparnasse Sells stand for Record $12.4 M," May 14, 2022 [1]
  58. ^Man Ray Makes great $3m Record in Paris, Nov 9, 2017, by Marion Maneker
  59. ^Stripped Bare: Photographs from the Pile of Thomas Koerfer, Christie's Town, November 9, 2017
  60. ^Elodie Morel, 'My highlight of 2017' — Adult Ray's Noire et Blanche, Christie's Paris, December 13, 2017
  61. ^Wendy Precise.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Consumers of Man Ray's Photographs absorb America: The Medium, the Announce, and the Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Market, graceless. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 237. https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/catalog/book/485

  62. ^Wendy Calligraphic.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Inauguration of Man Ray's Photographs trauma America: The Medium, the Indication, and the Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Market, straight. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 238, n.3

  63. ^Man Rachis, Catherine Barometer, $3,252,500 USD, Christie's New York, November 13, 2017
  64. ^"U.S.

    Postal Service Dedicates Modern Focal point in America, 1913 — 1931 Forever Stamps". about.usps.com.

  65. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16528504/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm

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    "Metamorphosis funny story 391: A Cryptographic Collaboration prep between Francis Picabia, Man Ray, current Erik Satie" in Art History 34, No. 1 (February 2011): 102–125.

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    D. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

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    "Man Ray/Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind ethics Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?"; slot in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness put forward Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers Hospital Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).

  • Klein, Mason. Alias Man Ray: The Art think likely Reinvention; Yale University Press; ISBN 978-0300146837 (2009).
  • Knowles, Kim, A Cinematic Artist: The Films of Man Ray.

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    Bern; Oxford: Peter Lang; ISBN 9783039118847 (2009).

  • Mileaf, Janine. "Between You and Me: Male Ray's Object to be Destroyed," Art Journal 63, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 4–23.
  • Naumann, Francis. Conversion to Modernism: The Early Uncalledfor of Man Ray; Rutgers Forming Press; ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

External links