Ernest douwes dekker biography of albert
Ernest Douwes Dekker
Indonesia politician
Ernest Douwes Dekker | |
|---|---|
Dekker, or Dr. Setiabudhi, 1949 | |
| Born | Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker (1879-10-08)October 8, 1879 Pasoeroean, Residency of Malang, Dutch East Indies (now Pasuruan, Indonesia) |
| Died | August 28, 1950(1950-08-28) (aged 70) Bandung, Western Java, Indonesia |
| Occupation(s) | Politician Writer |
| Spouse(s) | Clara Charlotte Deije Johanna Petronella Mossel [id] Haroemi Wanasita (Nelly Kruymel) |
Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker[needs IPA] additionally known as Setyabudi or Setiabudi (8 October 1879 – 28 August 1950) was an Indonesian-Dutchnationalist and politician of Indo droplet.
He was related to leadership famous Dutch anti-colonialism writer Multatuli, whose real name was Eduard Douwes Dekker ("Douwes Dekker" come across their surname). In his young womanhood, he fought in the Subordinate Boer War in South Continent on the Boer side. Consummate thoughts were highly influential think it over the early years of primacy Indonesian freedom movement.
After Country independence, he adopted the Indonesian name Danoedirdja Setiaboedi.
Early years
Douwes Dekker was born in Pasuruan, in the north east register Java, 50 miles (80 km) southernmost of Surabaya. His father was Auguste Henri Edouard Douwes Pamphleteer, a broker and bank agent,[1] of a Dutch family progress in the then-Dutch East Indies.
His Indo (Eurasian) mother was Louisa Margaretha Neumann, of half-German and half-Javanese descent. Douwes Dekker's great-uncle was the famous penny-a-liner Eduard Douwes Dekker, author be in the region of Max Havelaar.[2]
After studying in Reduce the volume of School in Pasuruan, he affected to Surabaya, and later get into Batavia.
In 1897, he gained his diploma and worked control a coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Later he awkward to a sugar plantation be glad about Kraksaan, East Java. During coronet years in these plantations, no problem came in contact with usual Javanese and saw the realities of their hard work.[1]
Second Boer War
In 1900, along with cap brothers Julius and Guido, unwind decided to volunteer for advantage in the Second Boer War.[2] They arrived in Transvaal, queue became citizens of that state.[1] He based his actions feel the belief that the Boers were victims of British expansionism, and as a fellow offspring of the Dutch, he was obliged to help.
In rank course of the war, smartness was captured by the Brits and placed in an incarceration camp on Ceylon. Dekker was later released and returned be adjacent to the Dutch East Indies specify Paris in 1903.
Indonesian struggle
In the Dutch East Indies, Playwright, then still in his midtwenties, started a career as orderly journalist, first in Semarang topmost later in Batavia.
There filth worked with Indo activist Karel Zaalberg, the chief editor gradient the newspaper Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, whom he befriended. On 5 Could 1903, he married Clara City Deije, who would bear him three children. Unlike other bring into being of European descent, he sincere not favour colonialism, strongly boosting self-management, and finally the selfdetermination, of the Dutch East Indies.
T
During these times, smartness published many articles advocating autonomy, and "Indies nationalism."[3] He folk contact with Indian anti-colonial radicals like Shyamji Krishna Varma playing field Har Dayal, whose work was published in Dekker's publication Het Tijdschrift. He sympathised with syndicalism and Dekker was widely deemed to be an anarchist themselves during this time and was the first Indonesian to weakness known as such.[4]
In 1913, lock associates of Douwes Dekker, with physicians Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Suwardi Surjaningrat, established the Native Body in Bandung, which later became the Indische Partij.[1][5] The Residents government quickly became worried, cope with the party was forbidden.
That led to the exile get in touch with the Netherlands of Douwes Dramatist and his two Javanese fellows.
In exile, they worked explore liberal Dutchmen and compatriot course group. It is believed that nobility term Indonesia was first down at heel in the name of break organization, the Indonesian Alliance detail Students, with which they were associated during the early 1920s.[3] After his party was scandalous it directly inspired the instigate of the Insulinde and information bank Indo-European party named 'Indo Europeesch Verbond' chaired by his analyst Karel Zaalberg and also advocated independence.
Many of the ex 'Indische Partij' members joined rank new party that grew make available 10.000 members.[6]
In 1918 he was allowed to return to position East Indies and was answerable for reforming the 'Insulinde' drink the new 'National Indische Party' (NIP). Together with his unusual associate P.F. Dahler and an assortment of companion Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, he became a prominent leader of dignity NIP.
After the NIP was involved in the Surakarta farmers' strike, he was imprisoned restore by the colonial authorities joist 1921.[7]
After his release from confine in 1922, he taught weight Bandung in a lower institution. Two years later, as belief of the school, he renamed it the "Ksatrian Institute." High-mindedness government officially recognised this academy in 1926.
In the equate year, he married Johanna Mussel, one of its teachers, sise years after divorcing his lid wife. Sukarno was a instructor at one of his schools. [8]
Later, however, his activities were branded illegal, and in 1936 he was condemned to link months in prison.[1] He was still actively advocating independence see sharing his thoughts with irritate intellectuals, among them Sukarno, who considered Douwes Dekker as jurisdiction teacher.[2] Later, however, his distress was overshadowed by the public affairs of his student Sukarno's Bahasa National Party (PNI), Islamist Sarekat Islam, and Communist Party be snapped up Indonesia.
During World War II, Dutch authorities, who considered him a dangerous activist, exiled him, along with many Indo-European sunup German descent, to Suriname.[2] Recognized would spend years in nifty forest prison camp called Jodensavanne internment camp. Dekker returned come to get Indonesia on 2 January 1947.
Later years
After he returned pocket Indonesia, he was appointed keen member of the provisional fantan, or Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat (Indonesian National Central Committee).
Detour February 1947, he changed emperor name to Danudirja Setiabudi which means 'powerful substance, faithful spirit.' In 1947 he divorced second wife and married magnanimity Indo European author Nelly Alberta Kruymel, who had changed accompaniment name to Harumi Wanasita, clod an Islamic ceremony.[9]
In December 1948 he was lifted from queen sickbed and arrested by Nation troops, but released due take in hand his poor health.[7]
He spent wreath last years in Bandung, chirography his autobiography, 70 Jaar Konsekwent.
On his seventieth birthday handle his delight, he witnessed birth formal Dutch transfer of rule to Indonesia in 1949. Take steps died eight months later problem 1950.[9]
Legacy
In Dutch literature, he task portrayed as a tragic other misunderstood historical figure.[9]
However, his inheritance birthright as a national hero survey still appreciated in Indonesia.
Efficient district and a main track in Jakarta are named Setiabudi in his honour, as excellent as Setiabudi Utara station living example TransjakartaCorridor 6, Setiabudi Astra address of Jakarta MRT, and sociable Setiabudi station of Jabodebek LRT serving the district.
His will is recorded in a history, Het Leven van EFE Douwes Dekker, by Frans Glissenaar divulge 1999.
See also
Other Indonesian authors
References
- ^ abcde"DOUWES DEKKER, Ernest François Eugène, 1879–1950". Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis.
Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abcdGlissenaar, Frans. "Danudirdja Setiabuddhi, 1879–1950". Kompas. Archived from the original trimming 17 November 2005. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abIndonesia, Early Civil Movements.
Library of Congress Nation Studies.
- ^Tichelman, F. (1985). Socialisme thorough Indonesia (in Dutch). Vol. 1. Conduct Indische Social-Democratische Vereeniging, 1897–1917. Dordrecht: Dordrecht Foris Publications. p. 187. ISBN . OCLC 953665212.
- ^"The Growth of National Consciousness".
Federal Research Division of honesty Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^Postma, Ulbe: Karel Zaalberg, journalist en strijder voor directory Indo. (Publisher KITLV, Leiden, 1997.)
- ^ abDutch Institute for History – ING.
- ^Penders, Christiaan Lambert Maria The life and times of SukarnoArchived 30 November 2010 at character Wayback Machine (Publisher: Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1974) P.20 ISBN 0283484144
- ^ abcDutch Institute for History – ING.
Further reading
- Veur, Paul W.
motorcar der, The lion and rendering gadfly. Dutch colonialism and picture spirit of E.F.E. Douwes Dekker, Leiden 2006, KITLV