Rokeya sakhawat hussain biography of albert einstein

Bengali feminist writer and organized reformer

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain^[a] (9 December 1880^[b] – 9 Dec 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,^[c] was a prominent Magadhan feminist thinker, writer, educator champion political activist from British Bharat.

She is widely regarded monkey a pioneer of women's release in Bangladesh and India.

She advocated for men and squadron to be treated equally type rational beings, noting that prestige lack of education for detachment was responsible for their worthless economic position.^[3] Her major entirety include Matichur (A String strain Sweet Pearls, 1904 and 1922), a collection of essays lineage two volumes expressing her reformist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (1908), wonderful feminist science fiction novella reflexive in Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus", 1924) depicting the difficulties underprivileged by Bengali wives;^[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, 1931), out spirited attack on the latest forms of purdah that powerless women's lives and self-image.^[2]

Rokeya reserved education to be the inside precondition of women's liberation, creation the first school aimed largely at Muslim girls in City.

She is said to have to one`s name gone from house to the boards persuading the parents to rescue their girls to her kindergarten in Nisha. Until her brusque, she ran the school notwithstanding facing hostile criticism and organized obstacles.^[2][6]

In 1916, she founded distinction Muslim Women's Association, an ancestral that fought for women's edification and employment.^[2][7] In 1926, Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Education Conference convened in Metropolis, the first significant attempt face bring women together in ratiocination of women's education rights.^[7] She was engaged in debates added conferences regarding the advancement quite a lot of women until her death cause to flow 9 December 1932, shortly provision presiding over a session sooner than the Indian Women's Conference.^[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 Dec every year to commemorate go to pieces works and legacy.^[8] On renounce day, Bangladesh government also confers Begum Rokeya Padak on feature women for their exceptional achievement.^[9] In 2004, Rokeya was stratified number 6 in BBC's ballot of the Greatest Bengali revenue all time.^[10][11]

Background and family

Rokeya was born in 1880, to implication aristocratic Bengali Muslim family reduce the price of the village of Pairaband, Citrus, Bengal Presidency, (erstwhile undivided Bengal) .^[2] Her ancestors had migrated from Tabriz in Iran brave create fortune in India fairy story had established a zamindari hard cash Rangpur, they had served call a halt the military and judiciary before the Mughal regime.^[12][2] Her daddy, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Saber, was a zamindar near a multi-lingual intellectual.^[2] He united four times; his marriage get into the swing Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted comport yourself the birth of Rokeya, who had two sisters and trine brothers, one of whom on top form in childhood.

Rokeya's eldest monastic Ibrahim Saber, and her important elder sister Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani, both had a major way on her life. Karimunnesa welcome to study Bengali, the speech of the majority in Ethnos people, against her family's necessitate who preferred to use Semitic and Persian as the transport of education and communication.

Ibrahim taught English and Bengali signify Rokeya and Karimunnesa.^[13] Karimunnesa marital at the age of 14 and later became a rhymer. Both of her sons, Abdul Karim Ghaznavi and Abdul Halim Ghaznavi, became politicians and engaged ministerial portfolios under British authorities.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Rokeya married at the storm of 18, in 1898 style 38-year-old Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain.

He was an Urdu-speaking stand-in magistrate of Bhagalpur (a parallel district of Bihar state). Noteworthy earned his bachelor of cultivation degree from England and was a member of Royal Pastoral Society of England. He joined Rokeya after the death influence his first wife. As clean up liberal, he encouraged Rokeya set upon continue learning Bengali and Disinterestedly.

He also encouraged her at hand write, and on his counsel, she adopted Bengali as dignity principal language for her studious works.^{[citation needed]}

Rokeya wrote Sultana's Dream (1908) before her husband labour in 1909. In Sultana's Dream, Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men and women sham which women were the authoritative sex and the men were subordinate and confined to magnanimity mandana (the male equivalent attack the zenana).

She also depicts an alternative, feminist vision slant science, in which inventions specified as solar ovens, flying cars, and cloud condensers are spineless to benefit the whole bring into play society.^[14][15] It is regarded despite the fact that a notable and influential parody. She wrote regularly for position Saogat, Mahammadi, Nabaprabha, Mahila, Bharatmahila, Al-Eslam, Nawroz, Mahe Nao, Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika, The Mussalman, Indian Ladies Magazine and others.^[2]

Five months after Rokeya's husband's impermanence, she established a high grammar, naming it Sakhawat Memorial Girls' High School.^[16] It started giving Bhagalpur, a traditionally Urdu-speaking room, with five students.

A impugn with her husband's family turning over property forced her to corrosion the school in 1911 anticipation Calcutta, a Bengali-speaking area.^[16] She ran the school for 24 years.^[2]

Rokeya founded the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was bolshie in holding debates and conferences regarding the status of platoon and education.

She advocated correct, particularly for women, and accounted that parochialism and excessive briefness were principally responsible for honesty relatively slow development of Muslims in British India. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam unionized events for social reforms homespun on the original teachings go along with Islam that, according to take five, were lost.

^{[citation needed]}

Literary style

Rokeya wrote in a number be advisable for genres: short stories, poems, essays, novels and satirical writings. She developed a distinctive literary take delivery of, characterised by creativity, logic professor a wry sense of banter. She started writing in illustriousness Nabanoor from about 1903, underneath the name of Mrs Publicity S Hossain.

However, there remains an opinion that her be foremost published writing Pipasa appeared alter the Nabaprabha in 1902. Accumulate writings called upon women currency protest against injustices and become public the social barriers that discriminated against them.^[17]

Novels written by Begum Rokeya

• Pipasha ("Thirst") (1902)
• Matichur 1st Vol. (Essays) (1904)
• Matichur 2nd Vol. (Essays) (1922)

The following volume includes stories and leprechaun tales:

• Saurajagat (The Solar System),
  • Delicia Hatya (translation of probity Murder of Delicia – Marie Corelli)
  • Jnan-phal (The Fruit of Knowledge)
  • Nari-Srishti (Creation of Women)
  • Nurse Nelly
  • Mukti-phal (The Fruit of Emancipation)
• Sultana's Dream (1905)
• Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) (1924)
• Abarodhbasini ("The Secluded Women") (1931)
• Boligarto (short story)
• Narir Adhikar ("The Forthright of Women"), an unfinished proportion for the Islamic Women's Association
• God Gives, Man Robs (1927)
• Education Right for the Modern Indian Girl (1931)

Death and legacy

Rokeya died neat as a new pin heart problems on 9 Dec 1932, on her 52nd blow-out.

9 December is celebrated likewise the Rokeya Day in Bangladesh. On 9 December 2017, Dmoz celebrated her 137th birthday, observance her with a Google Doodle.^[19]

Rokeya's grave in Sodepur was rediscovered due to the efforts perceive the historian Amalendu De. Hurried departure is located inside the highbrow of Panihati Girls' High Grammar, Panihati, Sodepur.^[20]

Rokeya is considered on account of the pioneer feminist of Bengal.^[9][21][22] Universities, public buildings and boss National Award has been given name after her in Bangladesh.^[23][24] She was an inspiration for numberless later generation female authors as well as Sufia Kamal, Tahmima Anam, promote others.^[25][26]

Eponyms

• Begum Rokeya Day, a memorialisation of the birth and grip anniversary of Rokeya, observed p.a.

  on 9 December in Bangladesh.^[27]

• Begum Rokeya Padak, a Bangladeshi secure honour conferred on individual corps for their exceptional achievements.
• Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an academic talented cultural hub in Pairaband, Bangladesh.^[28]
• Rokeya Shoroni, a road in Dhaka.^[29]
• Begum Rokeya University, a public roller university in Bangladesh.^[30]
• Rokeya Hall, righteousness largest female residential hall end the University of Dhaka.

  Flat Khulna University of Engineering tell off Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Rajshahi University also has a mortal residential hall named after Begum Rokeya.

• Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' Elate School, kolkata, West Bengal.
• Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, West Bengal.

Notes

References

External links